Some Studies on Photon - A Review

Authors

  • Rampada Misra  Ex-Guest-Teacher, Departments of Electronics, Vidyasagar University, Midnapur, West Bengal, India

Keywords:

Gravitational Field, Gauge Boson, Helicity, Extra-galactic Source.

Abstract

Discussion of some works related to photon has been made. Different works selected here contain the study of different characteristics of photon. The properties of photon like charge; mass; spin; angular momentum; interaction between light and matter; that between photon and gravitational field; the wave function and gravitational field of photon have been mainly chosen for discussion. Over and above the aforesaid characteristics of photon the wave particle duality; structure of photon motion; pair production by photon ; photon, graviton and their reactions ; radius of photon orbit due to black holes have also been discussed.

References

  1. Photon, Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia.
  2. Villard P., Comptes Rendus des Scances de l'Academie des Sciences, 130, 1010-1012 and 1178-1179,(1900) .
  3. Planck Max, Energy and mass in relativity theory, Ann. Phys., 9, 561, (1901).
  4. Lenard P., Energy and mass in relativity theory, Ann. Phys., 8, 169, (1902).
  5. Compton A. H., About energy and mass in relativistic theory, Phys. Rev., 22, 409,(1923).
  6. Einstein A., Quanten theorie des einatomigen idealen gases, Sitzungs berichte der Preussischen Akademic der Wissenschaften (Berlin), Physicalisch-Mathematische Klasse,261-267, (1924); 3-14, (1925).
  7. Lewis G. N. Conservation of photon, Nature, No. 2981, 118, 874, (1926).
  8. Raman C. V. and S. Bhavantam S., Experimental proof of the spin of the photon, Ind. J. Phys., 6, 353-366, (1931).
  9. Rocard Y., Thermodynamique, Masson, Paris, 250 p, (1957).
  10. Pine S. A., Hendrickson J. B., Cram D. J., Hammond G. S., The Molecular Basis of Visual Excitation, Organic Chemistry (4thEd.), McGraw Hill, Section 11-5c, G. Wald, Nobel Lecture, Dec.12, (1967).
  11. Simmons J. W., Guttman M. J., States, Waves and Photons: A Modern Introduction to Light (Reading, M A : Addison-Wesley), (1970).
  12. Jauch J. M., Rohrlich F., The Theory of Photons and Electrons (New York, Springer-Verlag), 34 p, (1976).
  13. Aitchison I. J. R., Hey A. J. G., Gauge Theories in Particle Physics, IOP Publishing, (1993).
  14. Eugene H., Optics, Pearson Addison Wesley, Errata, (2001).
  15. Khrapko R. I., Question #79, Does plane wave not carry a spin? Am. J. Phys.,69, 405, (2001).
  16. Allen L, Padgett M. J., Response to question #79, Does plane wave not carry spin angular momentum?, Am. J. Phys., 70, 567-568, (2002).
  17. Yurchenko V. B., Answer to question # 79, Does the plane wave not carry a spin? Am. J. Phys., 70, 568-569, (2002) .
  18. Kobychev V. V. and Popov S. B., Constraints on the photon charge based on observations of extragalactic sources, arXiv: hep-ph/0411398 V1 30 Nov (2004).
  19. Raymer M. G. and Smith B. J., The Maxwell wave function of the photon, SPIE Conference Optics and Photonics, Conference Number 5866, San Diego, Aug. (2005).
  20. Burgess C. P., Moore G. D., The Standard Model A Primer, Cambridge Univ. Press, (2007).
  21. Amsler C., Doser M., Asner D., Babu K., Baer H., Band H., Barnell R., et al, Reviews of Particle Physics, Phys. Lett. B, 667, 1, (2008).
  22. Frank W., The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether and the Unification of forces, Basic Books, 212 p, (2010).
  23. He-Zhou, He He-Xiang, Feng Jie, Chen Xio Dong,The actual nature of light from Newton, Einstein to the recent mistakes, Journal of Quantum Information Science, 1(02):54-56, (2011).
  24. Das M. C., Misra R., A Classical Approach of Unified Field, International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 7(2), 73-84,(2013).
  25. Crawford D. F., Interaction of a photon with a gravitational field, Nature, 254, 313-314, (1975).
  26. Stephani H., Stewart J., General Relativity: An Introduction to the theory of Gravitational Field, Cambridge University Press, 86-108 p, (1990).
  27. Mendonka J. T., Drury L. O'C, Resonant Interaction of Photons with Gravitational Waves, Phys. Rev. D, 65, 024026-1-5, (2001).
  28. Accioly A,, Paszko R., Photon Mass and Gravitational Deflection, Phys. Rev. D, 69, 107501, (2004).
  29. Bonnor W. B., The Gravitational Field of Photon, Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 41, 77-85, (2009).
  30. Grado-Caffaro M. A., Grado-Caffaro M., Gravitational Field from Photon, Optik—International Journal of Light and Electron Optics, 123(9), 814-815, (2012).
  31. nan S. C., Direct Graviton Production via photon-photon fusion at the CERN-LHC , Chin. Phys. Lett., 29 (3), 031301- 1-4 (2012).
  32. Particle Data Group, Amsler et al, Rev. particle Phys.: Gauge and Higgs Bosons, Phys. Lett. B, 667,1, (2008+ 2009 partial update).
  33. Roy S., Lorentz Electromagnetic Mass : A Clue for Unification? Apeiron, 14(3), 155, (2007).
  34. Harwit M., Photon Orbital Angular Momentum in Astrophysics, The Astrophysical Journal, 597, 1266-1270, (2003).
  35. Zu D., The Classical Structure Model of Single Photon and Classical point of view with regard to Wave –Particle Duality of Photon, Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 1, 109-118, (2008).
  36. Sivaram C., Constraints on the photon mass and charge and test of equivalence principle from GRB 990123, Bull. Astr. Soc. India, 27, 627-630, (1999).
  37. Kobychev V. V., Popov S. B., Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extra-galactic sources, Astronomy Letters, 31(3), 147-151, (2005).
  38. Okun L. B., On the charge of the photon, arXiv : hep-ph/ 0505250V1 30 May (2005).
  39. Okun L. B., Photon: history, mass and charge, arXiv :hep-ph/0602036V2 13 Feb (2006).
  40. Sahoo S., Roy A. D., Mandal S., Photon: Massless or Massive, ARPN Journal of Science and Tecnology, 4 (7), 413-417, (2014).
  41. Das M. C., Misra R., Lorentz Transformation in Super System and in Super System of Photon, International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 19 (1), 8-14, (2014).
  42. Misra R., Das M. C., Electromagnetic Energy-momentum Tensor of Photon, Paper Communicated for publication, (2018).
  43. Guralni G. S., Hagen C. R., Kibble T. W. B.,Global Conservation Law and Massless Particles, Phys. Rev. Lett., 13 (20), 585-587, (1964).
  44. Cocconi G., Proceedings of the International Seminar Quarks, '90, Nature, 329, 8, (1987).
  45. Cocconi G., Upper limits on the electric charge of the photon, Am. J. Phys., 60, 750, (1992).
  46. Raffelt G., Pulsar Bound on the Photon Electric Charge Re-examined, Phys. Rev. D, 50, 7729: hep-ph / 0411398, (1994).
  47. Hankins A., Rackson C., Kim W. J., Photon Charge Experiment, Am. J. Phys., 81, 436, (2013).
  48. Semertzidis Y. K., Danby G. A., Lazarus D. M., New Laboratory Technique for measuring the Photon Charge, Phys. Rev. D, 67, 017701, (2003).
  49. Caprin C., Ferreira P. G., Constraints on the Electrical Charge Asymmetry of the Universe, JCAP 0502, 006: hep-ph / 0310066, (2005).
  50. Sivaram C., Arun K., Bounds on Photon Charge from Evaporation of Massive Black Holes, arXiv: 0802. 1562V1 [astro-ph.co], (2008).
  51. Laster C., Spin, Charge and Fine Structure Constant, The General Science Journal, June 6, (2011), http://www.wbabin.net/files/4479_laster1.pdf .
  52. Laster C. A., Pair Production: The Origin of Charge, Mass and CP Symmetry, The General Science Journal, July 7, (2011).
  53. Grodzins L., Engelberg D,, Bertozzo W., Photon Charge Experiment, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 6, 63, (1961).
  54. Stover R. W., Moran T. I., Trischka J. W., Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory, Phys. Rev., 164, 1599, (1967).
  55. Cocconi G., Upper limit for the electric charge of the photons from the millisecond pulsar 1937, Phys. Lett. B, 206, 705, (1988).
  56. Sivaram C.,Upper Limit on the Photon Electric Charge from Cosmic Micro-wave background, Am. J. Phys., 63, 1473, (1994).
  57. Particle Data Group, Review of Particle Physics, Phys. Lett. B, 592, 31.335, (2004).
  58. Broglie L. de, La Mechanique Ondulatoire du Photon, Une Nouvelle Theorie de la Lumicre, tome premier, Paris,39-40, (1940).
  59. Newton T. D., Wigmer E. P., Localized states of elementary systems, Rev. Mod. Phys., 21, 400, (1949).
  60. Bass L., E., Must the photon mass be zero? Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 232, 1-6, (1955).
  61. Goldhaber A. S., Nieto M. M., New Geomagnetic Limit on the Mass of the Photon, Phys. Rev. Lett., 21, 567-569, ( 1968).
  62. Kole K. D., Finite rest masses of Wave Quanta in Material Media, Austr. J. Phys., 24, 871-880, (1971).
  63. Goldhaber A. S., Nieto M. M.,(1971), How to catch a photon and measure its mass? Phys. Rev. Lett., 26, 1390-1392, (1971).
  64. Park D, Williams E. R., Comment on a proposal for determining the photon mass, Phys. Rev. Lett., 26, 1393-1394, (1971).
  65. Krou N. M., Theoretical Interpretation of a Recent Experimental Investigation of the Photon Rest Mass, Phys. Rev. Lett., 26, 1395-1398, (1971).
  66. Williams E. R., Park D., Photon Mass and the Galactic Magnetic Field, Phys. Rev. Lett., 26, 1651-1652, (1971).
  67. Kole K. D., Finite rest masses of Wave Quanta in Inhomogeneous Material Media, Austr. J. Phys., 62, 359-367, (1973).
  68. Goldhaber A. S., Nieto M. M., The Photon Rest Mass, Sci. Am., 234(5), 86-96, (1976).
  69. Chibisov G. V., Astrophysical Upper Limits on the Photon Rest Mass, Sov. Phys. USP, 19, 624-626, (1976).
  70. Crandall R. E., Photon Mass Experiment, Am. J. Phys., 51, 698-702, (1983).
  71. Kostelecky V. A., Samuel S., Photon and Graviton Masses in String Theory, Phys. Rev. Lett., 66, 1811-1814, (1991).
  72. Rosentime B., Kovner A., Masslessness of the Photon and Goldstone Theorem, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 6, 3559-3569, (1991).
  73. Particle Data Group, Phys. Rev. D, 50, 351 (1994).
  74. Ryntov D. D., The Role of Finite Photon Mass in Magnetohydrodynamics of Space Plasma, Plasma Physics Control Fusion, 39, A73-A82, (1997).
  75. Particle Data Group, Eur. Phys. J., 3, 223, (1998).
  76. Lakes R., Experimental Limits on the Photon Mass and Cosmic Vector Potential, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 1826-1829, (1998).
  77. Particle Data Group, Phys. Lett. B, 592, 335, (2004).
  78. Accioly A., Paszko R., Photon Mass and Gravitational Deflection, Phys. Rev. D, 69, 69-71, (2004).
  79. Tu L. C., Luo J., Experimental Tests of Coulomb's Law and the Photon Rest Mass, Metrologia, 41, S 136-S 146 (2004).
  80. Edelberger E, Dvali G., Gruzinov A., Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices, Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, 010462 / 1-4 (2007), arXiv: hep-ph / 0306245, (2007).
  81. Goldhaber A. S., Nieto M. M., Photon and Graviton Mass Limits, arXiv : 0809.1003 V5 [hep-ph] 5 October (2010).
  82. Kobzarev I. Yu, Okun L. B., Astronomical Upper Limits on the Photon Rest Mass, Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk, 95, 131-137, (1968).
  83. Goldhaber A. S., Nieto M. M.,Terrestrial and Extra-terrestrial Limits on the photon Mass, Rev. Mod. Phys., 43, 277, (1971).
  84. Byrne J. C., Cosmic Tests of Maxwell's Equations, Astrophys.&Spae Sc.46, 115-132, (1977).
  85. Tu L. C., Luo J., Gillies G. T.,The mass of the photon, Rep. Prog. Phys., 68, 77-130, (2005).
  86. Nichols E. F., Hull G. F., A preliminary communication on the pressure of heat and light radiation, Phys. Rev., 13, 307-320, (1901).
  87. Dirac P. A. M., Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge University Press,131 P, (1930).
  88. Kramers Hendrik Anthony, Quantum Mechanics, North Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam, (1957).
  89. Bass S. D., The spin structure of the photon, World Scientific, 14, 212, (2007),
  90. Bauke Heiko, Ahrens Sven, Keitel C. H., Grobe Rainer, Electron-spin dynamics induced by photon spins, New Journal of Physics, 16, 103028, (2014).
  91. Li H., Li M., Optomechanical Photon Shuttling between Photonic Cavities, Nat. Nanotechnol., 9, 913-919, (2014).
  92. Bliokh K. Y., Rodriguez-Fortuno F. J., Nori F., Zayats A. V., Spin-orbit interaction of light, Nat. Photonics, 9, 796-808, (2015).
  93. Li He, Li Huan, Li Mo, Optomechanical Measurement of Photon Spin Angular Momentum and Optical Torque in Integrated Photonic Devices, Applied Physics, Sci. Adv. 2016:2: e 1600485 9 September (2016).
  94. Poyting H., The Orbital Angular Momentum of Light, Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser A, 82, 560-567, (1909).
  95. Abraham M., Atomic Structure of Spectral Lines,Physikal Zs., 15, 914, (1914).
  96. Beth R. A., Mechanical Detection and Measurement of the Angular Momentum of Light, Phys. Rev., 50, 115-125, (1936).
  97. Holbourn A. H. S., Angular Momentum of Circularly Polarized Light, Nature,137, 31,(1936).
  98. Allen L., Beijersbergen M. W., Spreeuw R. J, C., Waerdman J. P.,Orbital Angular Momentum of Light and the Transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian Laser Modes, Phys. Rev. A, 45(11), 8185, (1992).
  99. Enk S. J. Van,, Nienhuis G., Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum of Photons, Europhysics Letters, 25 (7), 47,(1994).
  100. Jackson J. D., Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley, New York, (1998).
  101. Allen L., Padgett M., Babikar M., The Orbital Angular Momentum of Light, Progress in Optics, 39, 291-372, (1999).
  102. Padgett M., Allen L.,Light with Twist in its Tail, Contemp. Phys., 41, 275-285, (2000).
  103. Allen L., Barnett S., Padgett M., Optical Angular Momentum, Institute of Physics Publishing, (2003).
  104. Obukhanov Y. N., Hehl F. W., Electromagnetic Energy- Momentum and Forces in Matter, Phys. Lett. A, 311, 277-283, (2003).
  105. Mansuripur M., Radiation Pressure and the Linear Momentum of the Electromagnetic Field, Optic Express, 12 (22), 5375, (2004).
  106. Mansuripur M., Radiation Pressure and Linear Momentum of Light in Dispersive Di-electric Media, Opic Express, 13 (6), p- 2245,(2005).
  107. Mansuripur M., Angular Momentum of Circularly Polarized Light in Di-electric Media, Optic Express, 13 (14), p- 5315-5324, (2005).
  108. Stewart A. M., Angular Momentum Of Light, J. Mod. Opt., 52, 1145-1154, (2005).
  109. Pfeifer R. N. C., Nieminen T. A., Heckenberg N. R., Rubinsztein-Dunlop H., Momenta of an Electromagnetic Wave in Di-electric Media, Rev. Mod. Phys., 79 (4), 1197-1216, (2007).
  110. Li M., Pernice W. H. P., Xiong C., Baehr-Jones T., Hochberg M., Tang H. X., Harnessing Optical Forces in Integrated Photonic Circuits, Nature, 456, 480-484, (2008).
  111. Rakich P. T., Popovic M. A., Wang Z., General Treatment of Optical Forces and Potentials in Mechanically Variable Photonic Systems, Optic Express, 17, 18116-18135, (2009).
  112. O'Brien J. L., Furusawa A., J., Photonic Quantum Technologies, Nat. Photonics, 3, 687-695, (2009).
  113. Quantic De, Spin of the Photon, Deonto-ethics, 22 October,(2009).
  114. Barnett S. M., On the six components of optical angular momentum, J. Opt., 13(6), 064010, (2011).
  115. Torres J. P., Torner L(ed), Twisted Photons: Application of Light with Orbital Angular Momentum, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, (2011).
  116. Andrews O. L., Babiker M(ed)., The Angular Momentum of Light, Cambridge University Press, (2012).
  117. Fernandez-Corbaton I., Zambrana-Puyalto X., Molina-Terriza G., Helicity and Angular Momentum : a Symmetry-based Frame Work for the study of Light Matter Interactions, Phys. Rev. A, 86, 042103, (2012).
  118. Aiello A., Banzer P., Newgebauer M., Leuchs G., From Transverse Angular Momentum to Photonic Wheels, Nat. Photonics, 9, 789-795, (2015).
  119. Stewart A. M., Angular Momentum of the Electromagnetic Field : The Plane Wave Paradox Resolved, arXiv https//arXiv org/pdf/physics/0504082.
  120. S. N. Gupta S. N., Quantum Electrodynamics, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, (1977).
  121. BerestetskiiV. B., Lifshitz E. M., Pitaevskii L. P., Quantum Electrodynamics (2nd Ed.), Pergamon Press Ltd., (1982).
  122. Grangier P., Roger G., Aspect A., Experimental Evidence for a photon anti co-relation effect on a beam splitter : A new light on single photon interferences, Europhysics Letters, 1, 173-179, (1986).
  123. N. V., B. S., J. P., Markoshi B., S. S., Sajfert V. D., V. M., Photon's Structure of motion, Acta Physica Polonica A, 116 (4), 471, (2009).
  124. Gould R. J., Schreder G. P., Pair production in Photon-photon collisions, Physical Review, 55 (5), 1 1404, (1967).
  125. Bastianelli F., Schubert C., One loop photon-graviton mixing in an electromagnetic field : Part !. JHEP 0502 (2005), 069 gr-qc / 0412095 AEI- 2004-047.
  126. Bastianelli F., Nucamendi U., Schubert C., Villanueva V. M., Photon-graviton mixing in an Electromagnetic Field, arXiv : 0711.0992 V2 [ hep-ph ] 9 Apr (2008).
  127. Manjunath R., Radius of photon orbit of rotating Black Hole, Reports and Opinion, 2 (1), 78-81, (2010).
  128. Saldanha P. L., Monken C. H., Interaction between light and matter : a photon wave function approach, New Journal of Physics, 13, 073015 : 1-12, (2011).
  129. Scott J. C. W., Photons in the gravitational field, Canadian Journal Of Physics, 44 (7), 1639-1648, 10.1139 / 66-137, (1966).
  130. Gould R. J., Schreder G. P., Opacity of the Universe to high energy photons, Phys. Rev. Lett., 16, 252, (1966).
  131. Weinberg S., Gravitation and Cosmology, Wiley, New York, (1972).
  132. Howusu S. X. K., General mechanics of a photon in the Gravitational Field of a Stationary Homogeneous Spherical Body, Apeiron, 3, No. 17, 9, (1993).
  133. Faraon V., Dunse R. M., The gravitational interaction of light from weak to strong fields, Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 31, 91, (1999).
  134. Mendonca J. T., Drury L. O'C, Resonant interaction of photons with gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. D, 5, 024026-1-5, (2001).
  135. Mendonca J. T.,Theory of Photon Acceleration ( Institute of Physics, Bristol), (2001).
  136. Hajra S., A study on the interaction of gravitating field with electromagnetic entities, Journal of Gravitational Physics, 2 (2), 7-22, (2008).
  137. Wagener P. C., A unified theory of interaction : gravitation and electromagnetics, Progress in Physics, 4, 3-9, (2008).
  138. Wagener P. C., A unified theory of interaction : gravitation and electromagnetics and the strong force, Progress in Physics, 1, 33, (2009).
  139. Das M. C., Misra R., Fundamental way of charge formation and relation between electromagnetic field and gravitational field, International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2 (2), 99, (2012).
  140. Broglie L. de, The reinterpretation of wave mechanics, Found. Phys., 1:5, https:// doi.org/10.1007/ BF 00708650 1(1) 5-15, (1970).
  141. Ionesco-Pallas N., Sofonea L., Mechanical Structure of photon, Revue Romaine de Physique, 22(2), 405-425, (1977).
  142. Philippidis C., Dewdney C., Hiley B. J., Quantum Interference and Quantum Potential, Nuovo, Cim. B, 52, 11, (1979).
  143. Hong C, K., Mandel L., Experimental realization of a localized one-photon state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 58, (1986).
  144. Huang H., Eberly J. H., Localized single-photon wave functions in free space, J. Mod. Opt., 40, 915, (1993).
  145. Bialynicki-Birula, On the wave function of the photon, Acta. Phys. Pol. A, 86, 97, (1994).
  146. Sipe J. E., Photon wave functions, Phys. Rev. A, 52 (3), 1875, (!995).
  147. Bialynicki-Birula, Photon wave function, Progress in Optics, XXXV1 ed. E. Wolf (Amsterdam: Elsevier), (1996).
  148. Bialynicki- Birula, Experimental Localization of Photons, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 5247, (1998).
  149. Keller O. Space-time description of photon emission from an atom, Phys. Rev. A, 62, 022111, (2000).
  150. Smith B. J., Rymer M. G., Two photon wave mechanics, Phys. Rev. A, 74,062404, (2000).
  151. Law C. K., Walmsley I. A., Eberly J. H., Continuous Frequency Entanglement : Effective Finite Hilbert Space and Entropy Control, 84 (23), 5304, (2000).
  152. Arnaut H. H., Barbosa G., Orbital and Intrinsic Angular Momentum of Single Photon and Entangled Pairs of Photons Generated by Parametric Down-conversion, Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, 286, (2000).
  153. Keller O., Optical Tunneling – a finger print of the lack of photon localizability, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 18, 206, (2001).
  154. Eberly J. H., Chan K. W., Law C. K., Spontaneous-noise entanglement and photon wave functions, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 16, 399-402, (2003).
  155. A., Light Reconsidered, Optics and Photonics News, OPN Trends, 14, S2-S5,(2003).
  156. London R., What is a photon? Optics and Photonics News, OPN Trends, 14, S6-S11, (2003).
  157. Finkelstein D., What is a photon? Optics and Photonics News, OPN trends, 14, S12-S17, (2003).
  158. Mack H., Schleich W. P., A photon viewed from Wigner Space, Optics and Photonics News, OPN Trends, 14, S28-S35,(2003).
  159. Roychowdhury C., Suppliment to Optics and Photonics News, OPN trends, 14(10), (2003).
  160. Roychowdhury C., Roy R. The Nature of Light : What is a Photon? OPN trends, 14 (10), S1, (2003).
  161. Smith B. J., Raymer M. G., Photon wave function, Wave packet quantization of light and coherence theory, New J. Phys., 9, 414, (2007).
  162. Nistor R. E., Quantum Aspects of Photon Propagation in Transparent Infinite Media, Romanian Reports in Physics, 60 (3), 471-491, (2008).
  163. Popescu I-Iovitz, Sterian P., Dobre M., The photon wave function and the Fresnel formulas, Romanian Reports in Physics, 62 (2), 360-368, (2010).
  164. Brinkmann H. W., On Riemann Spaces conformal to Einstein spaces, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S., 9, 1, (1923).
  165. Peres A., Some Gravitational Waves, Phys. Rev. Lett., 9, 571, (1959).
  166. Takeno H., The Mathematical theory of plane gravitational waves in general relativity, Scientific Reports of the Research Institute for Theoretical Physics, Hirosima University, Hirosima No. 1, Ken, Japan, (1961).
  167. Ehlers J., Kundt W., Article in : Gravitation and introduction to current research, ed. L. Witten, John Wiley, New York, 85p, (1962).
  168. Edelen D. G. B., A Gravitational Field of Light, J. Math. Mech., 16, 453, (1966).
  169. Bonnor W. B., The Gravitational Field of Light, Commun. Math. Phys., 13, 63-174, (1969).
  170. Aichelburg, P. C., Sexl R. U., On the gravitational field of massless particle, Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 2, 303, (1971).
  171. R. W. Nachony, The Gravitational Influence of the Beam of Light, J. Math. Phys., 14, 1239, (1973).
  172. Voronov N. A., Kobzarev I. Yu., On the gravitational field of a massless particle, Sov. Phys.- JETP, 39 (4), 575-578, (1974).
  173. Nachony R. W., Gravitational Solutions, including radiation, for a perturbed light beam, J. Math. Phys., 27, 2362, (1986).
  174. Mitskievic N. V., Kumaradtya K. K.,The Gravitational field of a spinning pencil of light, J. Math. Phys., 30, 1095, (1989).
  175. Kramer D., The gravitational field of two counter-propagating beams of light, Class. Quantum Grav., 15, 173, (1998).
  176. Mallet R. L., Weak gravitational field of the electromagnetic radiation in a ring laser, Physics Letters A, 269, 214-217, (2000).
  177. Ivanov B. V., Colliding beams of light, Class. Quantum Gravit., 20, 397, (2003).
  178. Peres A., Some gravitational waves, Phys. Rev., 118, 1105, (1960).
  179. Hegarty J. C., Gravitational effect of electromagnetic radiation, Nuovo. Cim. 61, 47, (1969).
  180. Dray T., Hooft G't, The gravitational shock wave of a massless particle, Nucl. Phys. B, 253, 173, (1985).
  181. Ferrari V., Pndenza P., Veneziano G., Beam like gravitational waves and their geodesics, Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 20, 1185, (1988).
  182. Muthukrishnan A., Scully M. O., Zubairy, The concept of the photon revisited, Optics and Photonics News, 14, S18-S27, (2003).
  183. Sparano G., Vilasi G.,Vilasi S.,The gravity of light, Class. Quantum Gravit., 28 (19),(2010), arXiv : 1009.3849 V5[ gr-qc] 25 Jan 2011.
  184. Hogan P. A., Equation of motion in linearized gravity, Ind. J. Tho. Phys., 11, 419, (1974).
  185. Das M. C., Misra R., Space-time geometry of electromagnetic field in the system of photon, International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Atronomy 9 (1), 13-14, (2013).
  186. Dunlop A. A., An introduction to the Physics of Nuclei and Particles, Books/cole, (Section-10.1), (2004).

Downloads

Published

2018-08-30

Issue

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

[1]
Rampada Misra, " Some Studies on Photon - A Review, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Volume 4, Issue 9, pp.321-338, July-August-2018.