Environmental and Public Health Risks Associated with Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) Spread in Environment: A Comprehensive Review

Authors

  • Ohidul Alam  Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation (IWTR), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
  • Tianlin Deng  UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development (IESD), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China

Keywords:

Antibiotics; Resistance; ARBs; ARGs; Environment; Health; Contamination.

Abstract

Currently, the use of life saving antibiotics is growing up rapidly due to its multi-effectiveness for curing from bacterial infected diseases. If same antibiotics are frequently consumed, then it kills - susceptible bacteria but leaves resistance gene. Thus, some bacteria obtain resistance capacity against some antibiotics called antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARBs). Consequently, uncontrolled production and unmonitored consumption of antibiotics is responsible for – antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) spread in environment. Hence, it is considered as emerging contaminants posing a potential worldwide human health risk, but mass people aren’t concerned about it hereto. Therefore, we conducted this review to explore the already performed researches on this topic and their gaps. It revealed that researchers have already detected – wastewater, surface water, wastewater treatment plant, sludge, landfill leachate, soil, animal washed lagoon, and animal farm as reservoir of ARGs. China is the largest producer and consumers of antibiotics, followed by U.S. in the world wherein (46.1%) are used in livestock’s industries. Consequently, intensive animal husbandry is declared as-hotspot of ARGs. But, little knowledge is known about the associated risks with ARGs. However, 149 unique ARGs are detected from swine farm in China by researchers. Still, there is no universal technology to remove or kill ARGs from such sources but – advanced technologies are performing better.

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

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2015-10-25

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Volume 1, Issue 4, September-October-2015

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Ohidul Alam, Tianlin Deng, " Environmental and Public Health Risks Associated with Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) Spread in Environment: A Comprehensive Review , International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Volume 1, Issue 4, pp.128-139, September-October-2015.