Roadside Sand Deposits as Toxic Metals' Receptacles along three Major Roads in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

Authors

  • Christian Mathew  Department of Chemistry, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  • K. J. Orie  Department of Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Keywords:

Sand Deposits, Metals Receptacles, Metal Concentrations, Busy Roadsides, Port Harcourt Metropolis and Nigeria

Abstract

Roadside sand deposits are common sights along all roads in city centres like Port Harcourt in Nigeria. Studies have shown that, these sand deposits are receptacles for heavy metals emitted from varying sources. This study therefore, investigated the concentrations of four toxic metals Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Nickel (Ni) in roadside sand deposits. Three research questions were addressed using results of analyses of data obtained. Samples were collected along three major busy roads in Port Harcourt City using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, AAS. The results show that all four toxic metals except Cd were significantly available in the sand deposits with mean concentrations as follows: Cadmium 0.00 mg/kg, Chromium 2.81±2.21 mg/kg, Lead 1.09±0.70 mg/kg and Nickel 2.41±1.07 mg/kg. The detected concentrations were found to be high in relation to FEPA and WHO standards. The results also show that the mean concentrations are significantly different among the metals investigated but opposite is the case along the roads investigated. Therefore, the attention of environmental regulatory agencies is hereby drawn to this potential reservoir of environmental toxicants. The unsuspecting public, business operators, and others that depend on these roads for their livelihood are also enjoined to appreciate the dangers on these roads

References

  1. Akhionbare, S.M.O. (2011) Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals instreet dust of Owerri metropolis, Nigeriai.j.s.n., vol. 2(3) 2011:844-849
  2. Akpan, I.O. and William, E.S. (20014) Assessment of elemental concentrations of roadside soils in relation to traffic density in Calabar, Nigeria. International journal of scientific & technology research volume 3, issue 9, september 2014 issn 2277-8616 1 ijstr©2014 www.ijstr.org
  3. Ayeni, O. O.;Ndakidemi, P. A.;Snyman, R. G. and Odendaal, J. P. (2010) Metal contamination of soils collected from four different sites along the lower Diep River, Cape Town, South Africa. International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(13), pp. 2045-2051, 18 October, 2010
  4. Bada, and Oyegbami (2012) Heavy Metals Concentrations in Roadside Dust of different Traffic Density. Journal of Environment and Earth Science.Volume 2, No. 8, pp54-59. ISSN 2224-3216
  5. Chen X., Xia X.H., Zhao Y., Zhang P.(2010) Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing, ChinaJournalofHazard Mater;181:640–646.
  6. Clare, Wiseman, Zereini, F. and Püttmann, W. (2013) Traffic-related trace element fate and uptake by plants cultivated in roadside soils in Toronto, Canada. Science of the Total Environment.Volume 442, 1 January 2013, Pages 86–95
  7. Christoforidis A.,andStamatis, N (2009).Heavy metal contamination in street dust and roadside soil along the major national road in Kavala’s region, Greece.Geoderma;151:257–263.
  8. Khan, S.;Khan, M.A.and Rehman, S. (2011) Lead and Cadmium Contamination of Different Roadside Soils and Plants in Peshawar City, Pakistan. Pedoshere.Elservier.Volume 21, Issue 3,Pp. 351–357
  9. Luo, X. S.;Yu,S.;Zhu, Y. G.andLi, X. D. (2012) Trace metal contamination in urban soils of China. Science of the Total Environ. 421-422:17-30.
  10. Matthews-Amune, O. C. and Samuel, K.  (2012)Investigation of heavy metal levels in roadside agricultural soil and plant samples in Adogo, Nigeria. Academia Journal of Environmental Sciences 1(2): 031-035, Academia Publishing
  11. Saeedi M., Hosseinzadeh M., Jamshidi A. and Pajooheshfar S.P.(2009) Assessment of heavy metals contamination and leaching characteristics in highway side soils, IranianEnvironmentalMonitoringandAssessment;151:231–241.
  12. Wang M., Markert B, Chen W, Peng C, Ouyang Z. (2012) Identification of heavy metal pollutants using multivariate analysis and effects of land uses on their accumulation in urban soils in Beijing, China. Environmental Monitoring Assessment;184(10):5889-5897.
  13. Winther, M. &Slentø, E. (2010) Heavy Metal Emissions for Danish Road Transport. National
  14. Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Denmark.99 pp. – NERI Technical Report no. 780.http://www.dmu.dk/Pub/FR780.pdf.
  15. Yakeem, A. and Onifade, T. O. (2012) Evaluation of some Heavy Metals in Soils along Major Roads in Ogbomoso, South West Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science.Volume 2, No. 8, pp71-79. ISSN 2224-3219
  16. Zehetner, F.;Rosenfellner, U.;Mentler, A.andGerzabek, M.H. (2009) Distribution of road salt residues, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons across a highway-forest interface. Water Air Soil Pollut;198:125–132.
  17. Zhang F.; Yan X.; Zeng C.; Zhang M.; Shrestha S.; Devkota, L. P.andYao, T. (2012) Influence of traffic activity on heavy metal concentrations of roadside farmland soil in mountainous areas. International Journal of Environmental Researchand Public Health;9:1715–1731.

Downloads

Published

2015-12-25

Issue

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

[1]
Christian Mathew, K. J. Orie, " Roadside Sand Deposits as Toxic Metals' Receptacles along three Major Roads in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Volume 1, Issue 5, pp.65-70, November-December-2015.