Effect of Weaning Management on Carcass Characteristics of T&D Pigs

Authors(8) :-G. Kalita, R. Rouchoudhury, D. Kalita, B. N. Saikia, J. Saharia, M. Bora, M. K. Nath, D. J. Talukdar

The present study was carried out on 24 growing finishing T &D (Tamworth x Desi) pigs maintained at All India Coordinated Research Project on Pig (Mega Seed Project), College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, Assam, which were weaned at 28, 35, 42 and 56 days. After the end of growing finishing period (14 to 34 weeks) all the pigs were slaughter to study some of the important quantitative and qualitative carcass traits. Pigs under 28 days weaning group weigh significantly (P<0.05) higher carcass weight compared to 35, 42 or 56 days weaning group. Whereas no differences were observed in dressing percentage (%), head weight, weight of alimentary tract with contents including urinary bladder, genitalia, spleen, kidney and pancreas and weight of shank among the carcasses of pigs under different weaning groups. Apart from loin and bacon, no differences were observed in ham, picnic, butt and jowl weight in the carcasses of pigs weaned at different ages in the present study. It was observed that there were only numerical superiority of carcass length and loin eye area, but significantly (P<0.05) higher back fat thickness in early weaned pigs compared to lately weaned pigs.

Authors and Affiliations

G. Kalita
Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
R. Rouchoudhury
Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Sciences , Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahat-22, Assam, India
D. Kalita
AICRP on Pig, College of Veterinary Sciences , Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahat, Assam, India
B. N. Saikia
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahat, Assam, India
J. Saharia
Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Sciences , Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahat-22, Assam, India
M. Bora
Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Sciences , Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahat-22, Assam, India
M. K. Nath
AICRP on Pig, College of Veterinary Sciences , Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahat, Assam, India
D. J. Talukdar
AICRP on Pig, College of Veterinary Sciences , Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahat, Assam, India

Weaning, T&D pigs, quantitative and qualitative carcass traits, whole sale cuts, carcass length, backfat thickness, loin eye area

  1. Anon (1991). All India Co-ordinated Research project on Pigs. Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Annual Report 1990-91.
  2. Anon (2007). Final Report:IS0212-Sustainable systems for pig weaner management. (AGEWEAN), downloaded from www: http: //randd. defra. gov. Uk on 11-03-2012.
  3. Anon (2011). Annual Report 2009-10 and 2010-11 on AICRP and Mega Seed Project on Pig, National Research Centre on Pig, ICAR, Rani, Guwahati, pp 25-34.
  4. Cabrera, R.A., Boyd, R.D., Jungst, S.B., Wilson, E.R., Johnston, M.E., Vignes, J.L. and Odle, J. (2010).  Impact of lactation length and piglet weaning weight on long-term growth and viability of progeny. J Anim Sci, 88: 2265-2276.
  5. Collins, C.L., Leury, B.J. and Dunshea, F.R. (2010). Early weaning has minimal effects on lifetime growth performance and body composition of pigs. Anim. Prod., 50: 79-87.
  6. Dash, P. and Mishra, M. (1986). Performance of Large White Yorkshire and its crossbreds with indigenous pigs in Orissa. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 56(1): 144-146.
  7. Dritz, S.S., Owen, K.Q., Nelssen, J.L., Goodand, R.D. and Tokach, M.D. (1996). Influence of weaning age and nursery diet complexity on growth performance and carcass characteristics and composition of high-health status pigs from weaning to 109 kilograms. J Anim Sci, 74: 2975-2984.
  8. Harrell, R.J., Thomas, M.J. and Boyd, R.D. (1993). Limitations of sow’s milk yield on baby pig growth. Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers., pp 156-164. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
  9. Hohenshell, L.M., Cunnick, J.E., Ford, S.P., Kattesh, H.G., Zimmerman, D.R., Wilson, R.L., Wilson Matteri, J.A. and Lay Jr., D.C. (2000). Few differences found between early- and late-weaned pigs raised in the same environment. J Anim Sci, 78: 38-49.
  10. Kumar, K.G., Siva Kumar, T., Sampath, K. and Ranjith, T. (2005).  Carcass traits of crossbred pigs. Indian Vet.J., 82(11): 1189-1192.
  11. Mahan, D.C. (1993).  Effect of weight, split-weaning, and nursery feeding programs on performance responses of pigs to 105 kilograms body weight and subsequent effects on sow. J Anim Sci, 71: 1991-1995.
  12. Massar, R. (1989). Studies on the effect of Complete and Baibutrcjan’s method of castration on the body weight gain and some quantitative and qualitative parameters of meat of Hampshire pigs. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-22.
  13. Mili, D.C. (1995).  Effect of age at slaughter on the growth rate and weight at slaughter on carcass yield and certain meat quality characteristics of Hampshire pigs. Ph.D. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  14. Morrison, R., Pluske, J., Smits, R., Henman, D., Collins, C. (2008).  Creep feeding - weaning age interactions with creep feeding. Report prepared for the co-operative research centre for an Internationally Competitive Pork Industry, Pork CRC, Australia.
  15. Murugan, M., Mathew, J., Saseendran, P.C., Xavier, F. and  Kannan, A. (2009). Growth and carcass traits of duroc x (large white yorkhsire x landrace) pigs under different feeding regimes. Indian J. Anim. Res., 43 (1): 27-31.
  16. National Research Council (NRC) (1998). Nutrient requirements of swine, Tenth revised edition, Subcommittee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council, National Academy Press-2101 Constitution Avenue, NW-Washington, DC. 20418, USA.
  17. Oliveira, de G.C., Moreira, I.,  de Souza, A.L.P., Murakami, A. E., Parra, A.R.P., Carvalho, P.L. de O. and Maicon, D.B. (2011).  Corns with Different Nutritional Profiles on Growing and Finishing Pigs Feeding (30 to 90 kg). Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.,24 (7): 982 - 992.
  18. Patel, M., Sharma, R.J., Kumar, A., Tiwari, D.P., Prabakaran, P. and Anindita, P. (2009).  Effect on carcass characteristics of pigs fed with different level of jiggery filter cake along with concentrate. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 79 (10): 1054-1057.
  19. Pavlic, J.,  Siler, R., Pulkrabrek, J. and Safranek, F. (1980). Growth and meat production of sire breeds of pigs used in hybridisation. Zivocisna Vyroba, 25 (4): 279-291. (c.f.Anim. Breed. Abstr. 49: 2724).
  20. Ravi, A., Rao, S.D. and Yedukondalu, R. (2005). Growth response and carcass characteristics of crossbred finisher pigs fed rations containing green gram chuni. Indian Vet. J., 82(1): 48-51.
  21. Sailo, N. (2005). Effect of body cooling and energy levels on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  22. Sangma, B.D. (1992). Certain quantitative and qualitative meat characteristics of Hampshire, Hampshire x Local and Local pigs in Assam. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  23. Sharma, P.K. (1994). Effect of stocking density on growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics of Hampshire pigs under the climatic condition of Assam. Ph.D. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  24. Singh, S.K., Jha, D.D., Nath, S., Singh, R.L. and Pandey, R.N. (1997).  Factors affecting carcass characteristics in exotic, desi and crossbred pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 67(12): 1094-1097.
  25. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical methods. 8th edn. Iowa State University Press, USA.
  26. Whiteney, M.H., Shurson, G.C., Johnston, L.J., Wolf, D.M. and Shanks, B.C. (2006).  Growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower finisher pigs fed high quality corn distiller dried grain with solubles originating from modern Mid western ethanol plant. J Anim Sci, 84: 3356-3363.
  27. Whittemore CT (1998) The science and Practice of Pig Production, Reproduction. 2nd edn, pp.91-130.  Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford UK.
  28. Wiseman, T.G., Mahan, D.C., Peters, J.C., Fastinger, N.D., Ching, S. and Kim, Y.Y. (2007). Tissue weights and body composition of two genetic lines of barrows and gilts from twenty to one hundred twenty-five kilograms of body weight. J Anim Sci, 85: 1825-1835.
  29. Wolter, B.F., Ellis, M., Corrigan, B.P. and De Decker, J.M. (2002).  The effect of birth weight and feeding of supplemental milk replacer to piglets during lactation on preweaning and postweaning growth performance and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci, 80: 301-308.
  30. Ziegler, P.T. (1968). The meat we eat. The interstate printers and publishers, Inc. Danville, Illoinois, USA.

Publication Details

Published in : Volume 2 | Issue 2 | March-April 2016
Date of Publication : 2016-05-05
License:  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Page(s) : 342-350
Manuscript Number : IJSRST1622122
Publisher : Technoscience Academy

Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X

Cite This Article :

G. Kalita, R. Rouchoudhury, D. Kalita, B. N. Saikia, J. Saharia, M. Bora, M. K. Nath, D. J. Talukdar, " Effect of Weaning Management on Carcass Characteristics of T&D Pigs", International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp.342-350, March-April-2016.
Journal URL : https://ijsrst.com/IJSRST1622122
Citation Detection and Elimination     |      | |IS0212-Sustainable systems for pig weaner management. (AGEWEAN), downloaded from www: http: //randd. defra. gov. Uk on 11-03-2012.
  • Anon (2011). Annual Report 2009-10 and 2010-11 on AICRP and Mega Seed Project on Pig, National Research Centre on Pig, ICAR, Rani, Guwahati, pp 25-34.
  • Cabrera, R.A., Boyd, R.D., Jungst, S.B., Wilson, E.R., Johnston, M.E., Vignes, J.L. and Odle, J. (2010).  Impact of lactation length and piglet weaning weight on long-term growth and viability of progeny. J Anim Sci, 88: 2265-2276.
  • Collins, C.L., Leury, B.J. and Dunshea, F.R. (2010). Early weaning has minimal effects on lifetime growth performance and body composition of pigs. Anim. Prod., 50: 79-87.
  • Dash, P. and Mishra, M. (1986). Performance of Large White Yorkshire and its crossbreds with indigenous pigs in Orissa. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 56(1): 144-146.
  • Dritz, S.S., Owen, K.Q., Nelssen, J.L., Goodand, R.D. and Tokach, M.D. (1996). Influence of weaning age and nursery diet complexity on growth performance and carcass characteristics and composition of high-health status pigs from weaning to 109 kilograms. J Anim Sci, 74: 2975-2984.
  • Harrell, R.J., Thomas, M.J. and Boyd, R.D. (1993). Limitations of sow’s milk yield on baby pig growth. Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers., pp 156-164. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
  • Hohenshell, L.M., Cunnick, J.E., Ford, S.P., Kattesh, H.G., Zimmerman, D.R., Wilson, R.L., Wilson Matteri, J.A. and Lay Jr., D.C. (2000). Few differences found between early- and late-weaned pigs raised in the same environment. J Anim Sci, 78: 38-49.
  • Kumar, K.G., Siva Kumar, T., Sampath, K. and Ranjith, T. (2005).  Carcass traits of crossbred pigs. Indian Vet.J., 82(11): 1189-1192.
  • Mahan, D.C. (1993).  Effect of weight, split-weaning, and nursery feeding programs on performance responses of pigs to 105 kilograms body weight and subsequent effects on sow. J Anim Sci, 71: 1991-1995.
  • Massar, R. (1989). Studies on the effect of Complete and Baibutrcjan’s method of castration on the body weight gain and some quantitative and qualitative parameters of meat of Hampshire pigs. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-22.
  • Mili, D.C. (1995).  Effect of age at slaughter on the growth rate and weight at slaughter on carcass yield and certain meat quality characteristics of Hampshire pigs. Ph.D. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Morrison, R., Pluske, J., Smits, R., Henman, D., Collins, C. (2008).  Creep feeding - weaning age interactions with creep feeding. Report prepared for the co-operative research centre for an Internationally Competitive Pork Industry, Pork CRC, Australia.
  • Murugan, M., Mathew, J., Saseendran, P.C., Xavier, F. and  Kannan, A. (2009). Growth and carcass traits of duroc x (large white yorkhsire x landrace) pigs under different feeding regimes. Indian J. Anim. Res., 43 (1): 27-31.
  • National Research Council (NRC) (1998). Nutrient requirements of swine, Tenth revised edition, Subcommittee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council, National Academy Press-2101 Constitution Avenue, NW-Washington, DC. 20418, USA.
  • Oliveira, de G.C., Moreira, I.,  de Souza, A.L.P., Murakami, A. E., Parra, A.R.P., Carvalho, P.L. de O. and Maicon, D.B. (2011).  Corns with Different Nutritional Profiles on Growing and Finishing Pigs Feeding (30 to 90 kg). Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.,24 (7): 982 - 992.
  • Patel, M., Sharma, R.J., Kumar, A., Tiwari, D.P., Prabakaran, P. and Anindita, P. (2009).  Effect on carcass characteristics of pigs fed with different level of jiggery filter cake along with concentrate. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 79 (10): 1054-1057.
  • Pavlic, J.,  Siler, R., Pulkrabrek, J. and Safranek, F. (1980). Growth and meat production of sire breeds of pigs used in hybridisation. Zivocisna Vyroba, 25 (4): 279-291. (c.f.Anim. Breed. Abstr. 49: 2724).
  • Ravi, A., Rao, S.D. and Yedukondalu, R. (2005). Growth response and carcass characteristics of crossbred finisher pigs fed rations containing green gram chuni. Indian Vet. J., 82(1): 48-51.
  • Sailo, N. (2005). Effect of body cooling and energy levels on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Sangma, B.D. (1992). Certain quantitative and qualitative meat characteristics of Hampshire, Hampshire x Local and Local pigs in Assam. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Sharma, P.K. (1994). Effect of stocking density on growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics of Hampshire pigs under the climatic condition of Assam. Ph.D. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Singh, S.K., Jha, D.D., Nath, S., Singh, R.L. and Pandey, R.N. (1997).  Factors affecting carcass characteristics in exotic, desi and crossbred pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 67(12): 1094-1097.
  • Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical methods. 8th edn. Iowa State University Press, USA.
  • Whiteney, M.H., Shurson, G.C., Johnston, L.J., Wolf, D.M. and Shanks, B.C. (2006).  Growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower finisher pigs fed high quality corn distiller dried grain with solubles originating from modern Mid western ethanol plant. J Anim Sci, 84: 3356-3363.
  • Whittemore CT (1998) The science and Practice of Pig Production, Reproduction. 2nd edn, pp.91-130.  Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford UK.
  • Wiseman, T.G., Mahan, D.C., Peters, J.C., Fastinger, N.D., Ching, S. and Kim, Y.Y. (2007). Tissue weights and body composition of two genetic lines of barrows and gilts from twenty to one hundred twenty-five kilograms of body weight. J Anim Sci, 85: 1825-1835.
  • Wolter, B.F., Ellis, M., Corrigan, B.P. and De Decker, J.M. (2002).  The effect of birth weight and feeding of supplemental milk replacer to piglets during lactation on preweaning and postweaning growth performance and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci, 80: 301-308.
  • Ziegler, P.T. (1968). The meat we eat. The interstate printers and publishers, Inc. Danville, Illoinois, USA.
  • " target="_blank"> BibTeX | IS0212-Sustainable systems for pig weaner management. (AGEWEAN), downloaded from www: http: //randd. defra. gov. Uk on 11-03-2012.
  • Anon (2011). Annual Report 2009-10 and 2010-11 on AICRP and Mega Seed Project on Pig, National Research Centre on Pig, ICAR, Rani, Guwahati, pp 25-34.
  • Cabrera, R.A., Boyd, R.D., Jungst, S.B., Wilson, E.R., Johnston, M.E., Vignes, J.L. and Odle, J. (2010).  Impact of lactation length and piglet weaning weight on long-term growth and viability of progeny. J Anim Sci, 88: 2265-2276.
  • Collins, C.L., Leury, B.J. and Dunshea, F.R. (2010). Early weaning has minimal effects on lifetime growth performance and body composition of pigs. Anim. Prod., 50: 79-87.
  • Dash, P. and Mishra, M. (1986). Performance of Large White Yorkshire and its crossbreds with indigenous pigs in Orissa. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 56(1): 144-146.
  • Dritz, S.S., Owen, K.Q., Nelssen, J.L., Goodand, R.D. and Tokach, M.D. (1996). Influence of weaning age and nursery diet complexity on growth performance and carcass characteristics and composition of high-health status pigs from weaning to 109 kilograms. J Anim Sci, 74: 2975-2984.
  • Harrell, R.J., Thomas, M.J. and Boyd, R.D. (1993). Limitations of sow’s milk yield on baby pig growth. Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers., pp 156-164. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
  • Hohenshell, L.M., Cunnick, J.E., Ford, S.P., Kattesh, H.G., Zimmerman, D.R., Wilson, R.L., Wilson Matteri, J.A. and Lay Jr., D.C. (2000). Few differences found between early- and late-weaned pigs raised in the same environment. J Anim Sci, 78: 38-49.
  • Kumar, K.G., Siva Kumar, T., Sampath, K. and Ranjith, T. (2005).  Carcass traits of crossbred pigs. Indian Vet.J., 82(11): 1189-1192.
  • Mahan, D.C. (1993).  Effect of weight, split-weaning, and nursery feeding programs on performance responses of pigs to 105 kilograms body weight and subsequent effects on sow. J Anim Sci, 71: 1991-1995.
  • Massar, R. (1989). Studies on the effect of Complete and Baibutrcjan’s method of castration on the body weight gain and some quantitative and qualitative parameters of meat of Hampshire pigs. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-22.
  • Mili, D.C. (1995).  Effect of age at slaughter on the growth rate and weight at slaughter on carcass yield and certain meat quality characteristics of Hampshire pigs. Ph.D. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Morrison, R., Pluske, J., Smits, R., Henman, D., Collins, C. (2008).  Creep feeding - weaning age interactions with creep feeding. Report prepared for the co-operative research centre for an Internationally Competitive Pork Industry, Pork CRC, Australia.
  • Murugan, M., Mathew, J., Saseendran, P.C., Xavier, F. and  Kannan, A. (2009). Growth and carcass traits of duroc x (large white yorkhsire x landrace) pigs under different feeding regimes. Indian J. Anim. Res., 43 (1): 27-31.
  • National Research Council (NRC) (1998). Nutrient requirements of swine, Tenth revised edition, Subcommittee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council, National Academy Press-2101 Constitution Avenue, NW-Washington, DC. 20418, USA.
  • Oliveira, de G.C., Moreira, I.,  de Souza, A.L.P., Murakami, A. E., Parra, A.R.P., Carvalho, P.L. de O. and Maicon, D.B. (2011).  Corns with Different Nutritional Profiles on Growing and Finishing Pigs Feeding (30 to 90 kg). Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.,24 (7): 982 - 992.
  • Patel, M., Sharma, R.J., Kumar, A., Tiwari, D.P., Prabakaran, P. and Anindita, P. (2009).  Effect on carcass characteristics of pigs fed with different level of jiggery filter cake along with concentrate. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 79 (10): 1054-1057.
  • Pavlic, J.,  Siler, R., Pulkrabrek, J. and Safranek, F. (1980). Growth and meat production of sire breeds of pigs used in hybridisation. Zivocisna Vyroba, 25 (4): 279-291. (c.f.Anim. Breed. Abstr. 49: 2724).
  • Ravi, A., Rao, S.D. and Yedukondalu, R. (2005). Growth response and carcass characteristics of crossbred finisher pigs fed rations containing green gram chuni. Indian Vet. J., 82(1): 48-51.
  • Sailo, N. (2005). Effect of body cooling and energy levels on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Sangma, B.D. (1992). Certain quantitative and qualitative meat characteristics of Hampshire, Hampshire x Local and Local pigs in Assam. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Sharma, P.K. (1994). Effect of stocking density on growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics of Hampshire pigs under the climatic condition of Assam. Ph.D. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Singh, S.K., Jha, D.D., Nath, S., Singh, R.L. and Pandey, R.N. (1997).  Factors affecting carcass characteristics in exotic, desi and crossbred pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 67(12): 1094-1097.
  • Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical methods. 8th edn. Iowa State University Press, USA.
  • Whiteney, M.H., Shurson, G.C., Johnston, L.J., Wolf, D.M. and Shanks, B.C. (2006).  Growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower finisher pigs fed high quality corn distiller dried grain with solubles originating from modern Mid western ethanol plant. J Anim Sci, 84: 3356-3363.
  • Whittemore CT (1998) The science and Practice of Pig Production, Reproduction. 2nd edn, pp.91-130.  Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford UK.
  • Wiseman, T.G., Mahan, D.C., Peters, J.C., Fastinger, N.D., Ching, S. and Kim, Y.Y. (2007). Tissue weights and body composition of two genetic lines of barrows and gilts from twenty to one hundred twenty-five kilograms of body weight. J Anim Sci, 85: 1825-1835.
  • Wolter, B.F., Ellis, M., Corrigan, B.P. and De Decker, J.M. (2002).  The effect of birth weight and feeding of supplemental milk replacer to piglets during lactation on preweaning and postweaning growth performance and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci, 80: 301-308.
  • Ziegler, P.T. (1968). The meat we eat. The interstate printers and publishers, Inc. Danville, Illoinois, USA.
  • " target="_blank">RIS | IS0212-Sustainable systems for pig weaner management. (AGEWEAN), downloaded from www: http: //randd. defra. gov. Uk on 11-03-2012.
  • Anon (2011). Annual Report 2009-10 and 2010-11 on AICRP and Mega Seed Project on Pig, National Research Centre on Pig, ICAR, Rani, Guwahati, pp 25-34.
  • Cabrera, R.A., Boyd, R.D., Jungst, S.B., Wilson, E.R., Johnston, M.E., Vignes, J.L. and Odle, J. (2010).  Impact of lactation length and piglet weaning weight on long-term growth and viability of progeny. J Anim Sci, 88: 2265-2276.
  • Collins, C.L., Leury, B.J. and Dunshea, F.R. (2010). Early weaning has minimal effects on lifetime growth performance and body composition of pigs. Anim. Prod., 50: 79-87.
  • Dash, P. and Mishra, M. (1986). Performance of Large White Yorkshire and its crossbreds with indigenous pigs in Orissa. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 56(1): 144-146.
  • Dritz, S.S., Owen, K.Q., Nelssen, J.L., Goodand, R.D. and Tokach, M.D. (1996). Influence of weaning age and nursery diet complexity on growth performance and carcass characteristics and composition of high-health status pigs from weaning to 109 kilograms. J Anim Sci, 74: 2975-2984.
  • Harrell, R.J., Thomas, M.J. and Boyd, R.D. (1993). Limitations of sow’s milk yield on baby pig growth. Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers., pp 156-164. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
  • Hohenshell, L.M., Cunnick, J.E., Ford, S.P., Kattesh, H.G., Zimmerman, D.R., Wilson, R.L., Wilson Matteri, J.A. and Lay Jr., D.C. (2000). Few differences found between early- and late-weaned pigs raised in the same environment. J Anim Sci, 78: 38-49.
  • Kumar, K.G., Siva Kumar, T., Sampath, K. and Ranjith, T. (2005).  Carcass traits of crossbred pigs. Indian Vet.J., 82(11): 1189-1192.
  • Mahan, D.C. (1993).  Effect of weight, split-weaning, and nursery feeding programs on performance responses of pigs to 105 kilograms body weight and subsequent effects on sow. J Anim Sci, 71: 1991-1995.
  • Massar, R. (1989). Studies on the effect of Complete and Baibutrcjan’s method of castration on the body weight gain and some quantitative and qualitative parameters of meat of Hampshire pigs. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-22.
  • Mili, D.C. (1995).  Effect of age at slaughter on the growth rate and weight at slaughter on carcass yield and certain meat quality characteristics of Hampshire pigs. Ph.D. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Morrison, R., Pluske, J., Smits, R., Henman, D., Collins, C. (2008).  Creep feeding - weaning age interactions with creep feeding. Report prepared for the co-operative research centre for an Internationally Competitive Pork Industry, Pork CRC, Australia.
  • Murugan, M., Mathew, J., Saseendran, P.C., Xavier, F. and  Kannan, A. (2009). Growth and carcass traits of duroc x (large white yorkhsire x landrace) pigs under different feeding regimes. Indian J. Anim. Res., 43 (1): 27-31.
  • National Research Council (NRC) (1998). Nutrient requirements of swine, Tenth revised edition, Subcommittee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council, National Academy Press-2101 Constitution Avenue, NW-Washington, DC. 20418, USA.
  • Oliveira, de G.C., Moreira, I.,  de Souza, A.L.P., Murakami, A. E., Parra, A.R.P., Carvalho, P.L. de O. and Maicon, D.B. (2011).  Corns with Different Nutritional Profiles on Growing and Finishing Pigs Feeding (30 to 90 kg). Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.,24 (7): 982 - 992.
  • Patel, M., Sharma, R.J., Kumar, A., Tiwari, D.P., Prabakaran, P. and Anindita, P. (2009).  Effect on carcass characteristics of pigs fed with different level of jiggery filter cake along with concentrate. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 79 (10): 1054-1057.
  • Pavlic, J.,  Siler, R., Pulkrabrek, J. and Safranek, F. (1980). Growth and meat production of sire breeds of pigs used in hybridisation. Zivocisna Vyroba, 25 (4): 279-291. (c.f.Anim. Breed. Abstr. 49: 2724).
  • Ravi, A., Rao, S.D. and Yedukondalu, R. (2005). Growth response and carcass characteristics of crossbred finisher pigs fed rations containing green gram chuni. Indian Vet. J., 82(1): 48-51.
  • Sailo, N. (2005). Effect of body cooling and energy levels on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Sangma, B.D. (1992). Certain quantitative and qualitative meat characteristics of Hampshire, Hampshire x Local and Local pigs in Assam. M.V.Sc. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Sharma, P.K. (1994). Effect of stocking density on growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass characteristics of Hampshire pigs under the climatic condition of Assam. Ph.D. thesis, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-22, Assam.
  • Singh, S.K., Jha, D.D., Nath, S., Singh, R.L. and Pandey, R.N. (1997).  Factors affecting carcass characteristics in exotic, desi and crossbred pigs. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 67(12): 1094-1097.
  • Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical methods. 8th edn. Iowa State University Press, USA.
  • Whiteney, M.H., Shurson, G.C., Johnston, L.J., Wolf, D.M. and Shanks, B.C. (2006).  Growth performance and carcass characteristics of grower finisher pigs fed high quality corn distiller dried grain with solubles originating from modern Mid western ethanol plant. J Anim Sci, 84: 3356-3363.
  • Whittemore CT (1998) The science and Practice of Pig Production, Reproduction. 2nd edn, pp.91-130.  Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford UK.
  • Wiseman, T.G., Mahan, D.C., Peters, J.C., Fastinger, N.D., Ching, S. and Kim, Y.Y. (2007). Tissue weights and body composition of two genetic lines of barrows and gilts from twenty to one hundred twenty-five kilograms of body weight. J Anim Sci, 85: 1825-1835.
  • Wolter, B.F., Ellis, M., Corrigan, B.P. and De Decker, J.M. (2002).  The effect of birth weight and feeding of supplemental milk replacer to piglets during lactation on preweaning and postweaning growth performance and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci, 80: 301-308.
  • Ziegler, P.T. (1968). The meat we eat. The interstate printers and publishers, Inc. Danville, Illoinois, USA.
  • " target="_blank">CSV

    Article Preview