Reservoir and transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Keywords:
DNA, VL, Leishmaniasis, Eosophagus, Promastigotes, Phagocytosed, AmastigotesAbstract
The domestic dog is the most important reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in metropolitan areas. The dog develops an intense cutaneous parasitism, favoring infection of sandflies, thereby playing an important role in the epidemiological chain of VL. Importantly, most dogs remain asymptomatic for long periods of time, which contribute to the maintenance and transmission of the disease (Giunchetti, et al., 2006). In Europe, in addition to dogs, rodents are also identified as reservoirs, whereas humans and domestic cats are considered accidental hosts (Poli, et al., 2006). Moreover, leishmanial antibodies were also detected in 33 of 1,220 animals; in 31 of 867 goats (Capra hircus), 1 of 161 cattle (Bos indicus), 1 of 54 wild rats (Rattus sp.), but none of 106 chickens (Gallus domesticus), 26 sheep (Ovis aries), 3 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalus), and 3 dogs (Canis familiaris). The parasite DNA was detected in 20 of 33 serologically positive blood samples; in 20 goats and 1 cow. This study indicated that goats are also the potential animal reservoirs of human VL in India (Singh, et al., 2013).
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