A Review of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Authors(5) :-Jency George, Manjusha W A, Jegan S R, Mahija S P, Josphin J S

Regenerative Medicine encompasses many fields of science and medicine. The efficiency of regenerative medicine can be ameliorated by improving the biological performances of stem cells before their transplantation. Stem cells have a capacity for self-renewal and capability of proliferation and differentiation to various cell lineages. They can be classified into embryonic stem cells (ESC) and non-embryonic stem cells (non-ESC). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) show great promise in several animal studies and clinical trials. ESCs have a great potential but their use is still limited due to ethical and scientific considerations. The use of amniotic fluid derived cells, umbilical cord cells, fat and skin tissues and monocytes might be an adequate “ethically pure” alternative in future. Stem cells can improve healthcare by using and augmenting the body’s own regenerative potential. This article reviews focused on stem cells, properties of stem cells, Stem cell sources, stem cells in therapeutic strategies for tissue repair.

Authors and Affiliations

Jency George
Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Kaliakkavilai, Tamil Nadu, India
Manjusha W A
Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Kaliakkavilai, Tamil Nadu, India
Jegan S R
Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Kaliakkavilai, Tamil Nadu, India
Mahija S P
Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Kaliakkavilai, Tamil Nadu, India
Josphin J S
Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Kaliakkavilai, Tamil Nadu, India

Regenerative Medicine, Stem cell, Totipotency, Retinal regeneration, Umbilical cord.

  1. Steinhoff, Gustav. Regenerative Medicine. 1st Edition., XXIV, Springer?? Book; 2011.
  2. Kemp, Paul. History of regenerative medicine: looking backward to move forwards.? Future Medicine 2006; 1(5):653-669.
  3. David L Stocum. Regenerative Biology and Medicine. Elsevier; 2006.
  4. Becker AJ, McCulloch EA, Till JE. Cytological demonstration of the clonal nature of spleen colonies derived from transplanted mouse marrow cells. Nature 1963; 2;197:452-4.
  5. Lee EH, Hui JHP. The potential of stem cells in orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg 2006; 88(7):841-853.
  6. Watt FM, Hogan BL. Out of Eden: stem cells and their niches. Science 2000; 287:1427-30.
  7. Wu P, Tarasenko YI, Gu Y et al. Region specific generation of cholinergic neurons from fetal human neural stem cells grafted in adult rat. Nat Neurosci 2002;5: 1271-8.
  8. http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/pages/basics2.aspx
  9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell
  10. Sch?ler, Hans R. (2007). "The Potential of Stem Cells: An Inventory". In Nikolaus Knoepffler, Dagmar Schipanski, and Stefan Lorenz Sorgner. Humanbiotechnology as Social Challenge. Ashgate Publishing. p. 28.
  11. Mitalipov S, Wolf D (2009). "Totipotency, pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming". Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 114: 185-99.
  12. Ulloa-Montoya F, Verfaillie CM, Hu WS (2005). "Culture systems for pluripotent stem cells". J Biosci Bioeng. 100 (1): 12-27.
  13. Richards M, Fong CY, Chan WK. Human feeders support prolonged undifferentiated growth of human inner cell masses and embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:933-936.
  14. Sakula A. Paul Langerhans. A centenary tribute. J R Soc Med. 1988 ; 81(7):414-5.
  15. Stefan Bajada. Topics in Tissue Engineering, Vol. 4. Eds. N Ashammakhi, R Reis, & F Chiellini.,2008.
  16. Friedenstein AJ, Chailakhyan RK, Gerasimov UV. Bone marrow osteogenic stem cells: in vitro cultivation and transplantation in diffusion chambers. Cell Tissue Kinet 1987; 20:263-2.
  17. Friedenstein AJ, Piatetzky-Shapiro II, Petrakova KV. Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells. J Embryol Exp Morphol 1966; 16:381-390.
  18. Houlihan JM, Biro PA, Harper HM, Jenkinson HJ, Holmes CH. The human amnion is a site of MHC class Ib expression: evidence for the expression of HLA-E and HLA-G. J Immunol 1995; 154(11):5665-74.
  19. Huang GT, Gronthos S, Shi S. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues vs. those from other sources: their biology and role in regenerative medicine. J Dent Res 2009; 88(9):792-806.
  20. http://www.pnas.org/content/100/10/5807.long
  21. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_ligament_stem_cells
  22. Jeffrey M. Gimble, Adam J. Katz, Bruce A. Bunnell. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Circ Res? 2007;100: 1249-1260.
  23. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell
  24. Cousin, B., Andre M, Arnaud E, Penicaud L, Casteilla L. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice by cells isolated from adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 301(4): 1016-22.
  25. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, Huang J, Futrell JW, Katz AJ, Benhaim P, Lorenz HP, Hendrick MH. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: Implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng? 2001;7:211.
  26. Zhao Y, Glesne D, Huberman E. A human peripheral blood monocyte-derived subset acts as pluripotent stem cells. PNAS 2003; 100(5):2426-31.
  27. Meister K, Segal D, Whitelaw GP. The role of bone grafting in the treatment of delayed unions and nonunions of the tibia. Orthop Rev 1990; 19:2600-71.
  28. Den Boer FC, Wippermann BW, Blockhuis TJ, Patka P, Bakker FC, Haarman HJThM. Healing of segmental bone defects with granular porous hydroxyapatite augmented with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 or autologous bone marrow. J Orthop Res 2003 ; 21:3 (521-528).
  29. Quarto R, Mastrogiacomo M, Cancedda R. Repair of large bone defects with the use of autologous bone marrow stromal cells. N Engl J Med 2001;344:385-386.
  30. Einhorn TA. Enhancement of fracture-healing. J Bone Joint surg [Am] 1005; 77-A:940-56.
  31. Pereira RF, Halford KW, O’Hara MD. Cultured adherent cells from marrow can serve as long-lasting precursor cells for bone, cartilage, and lung in irradiated mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92:4857-4861.
  32. Horwitz EM, Prockop DJ, Fitzpatrick LA. Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nat Med 1999; 5:309-313.
  33. Knutsen G, Engebretsen L, Ludvigsen TC, Drogset JO, Grontvedt T, Solheim E. Autologous condrocyte implantation compared with microfracture in the knee. A randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2004; 86A:455-64.
  34. Anders S, Gellissen J, Zoch W, Lobenhoffer P, Grifka J, Behrens P. Autologous Matrix induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) for focal chondral defects of the knee - first clinical and MRI results. ICRS 2006..
  35. Wakitani S, Imoto K, Yamamoto T, Saito M, Murata N, Yoneda M. Human autologous culture expanded bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation for repair of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002; 10:199-206.
  36. Murphy JM, Fink DJ, Hunziker EB, Barry FP. Stem-cell therapy in caprine model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:3464-74.
  37. Muller P, Pfeiffer P, Koglin J et al. Caridiomyocytes of noncardiac origin in myocardial biopsies of human transplanted hearts. Circulation 2002;106:31-5.
  38. Janssens S, Dubois C, Bogaert J et al. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem-cell transfer in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The Lancet 2006;367:113-21.
  39. McDougal WS. Metabolic complications of urinary intestinal diversion. J Urol 1992;147:1199-208.
  40. Atala A, Bauer SB, Soker S, Yoo JJ, Retik AB. Tissue-engineered autologous bladders for patients needing cystoplasty. Lancet. 2006 Apr 15;367(9518):1241-6.
  41. Zhang Y, Lin HK, Frimberger D, Epstein RB, Kropp BP. Growth of bone marrow stromal cells on small intestinal submucosa: an alternative cell source for tissue engineered bladder. BJU Int. 2005 Nov;96(7):1120-5.
  42. Bambakidis NC, Theodore N,Nakaji P, Harvey A, et al. Endogenous stem cell proliferation after central nervous system injury: alternative therapeutic options. Neurosurg Focus 2005;19:E1.
  43. Akiyama Y, Radtke C, Honmou O, Kocsis JD. Remyelination of the spinal cord following intravenous delivery of bone marrow cells. Glia 2002;39:229-36.
  44. Haller MJ. Autologous umbilical cord blood infusion for type 1 diabetes. www.york.ac.uk/res/cordblood. Exp. Hematol? 2008; 36 (6): 710-715.
  45. Harris DT. The potential of cord blood stem cells for use in regenerative medicine.". Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 2007; 7 (9): 1311-1322.
  46. Papadopoulos KI, et al. (2011). "Safety and feasibility of autologous umbilical cord blood transfusion in 2 toddlers with cerebral palsy and the role of low dose granulocyte-colony stimulating factor injections.". Restor Neurol Neurosci. 29 (1): 17-22.
  47. Tong. Stimulated neovascularization, inflammation resolution and collagen maturation in healing rat cutaneous wounds by a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan mimetic, OTR4120. Wound Repair Regen. 2009 Nov-Dec;17(6):840-52.
  48. Barritault. Regenerating agents (RGTAs): a new therapeutic approach. Ann Pharm Fr. 2006 Mar;64(2):135-44.
  49. Van Neck. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan mimetics thrive tissue regeneration: an overview. In Intech book under the working title "Tissue Regeneration", ISBN 978-953-307-876-2 is scheduled for on line publication on Nov 26, 2011.
  50. Ramsden CM, Powner MB, Carr AJ, Smart MJ, da Cruz L, Coffey PJ. Stem cells in retinal regeneration: past, present and future. Development. 2013; 140(12):2576-85.

Publication Details

Published in : Volume 3 | Issue 8 | November-December 2017
Date of Publication : 2017-12-31
License:  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Page(s) : 806-815
Manuscript Number : IJSRST17388
Publisher : Technoscience Academy

Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X

Cite This Article :

Jency George, Manjusha W A, Jegan S R, Mahija S P, Josphin J S, " A Review of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine", International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Volume 3, Issue 8, pp.806-815, November-December-2017.
Journal URL : https://ijsrst.com/IJSRST17388
Citation Detection and Elimination     |      | | BibTeX | RIS | CSV

Article Preview