Cancer Risk Assessment of Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Examination at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital

Authors(8) :-T. A. Sackey, C. Schandorf, J. J. Fletcher, Y. B. Mensah, I. Shirazu, K.O. Akyea-Larbi, E. K. Tiburu, S. T. Odonkor

The aim of this study is to estimate the effective dose and assess the lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence of patients undergoing computed tomography scan at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data on Volume CT Dose Index ( ) and Dose Length Product ( ) displayed on the scanner control console was recorded after confirmation of the results by performing independent checks on a phantom. The effective doses were estimated using the  displayed and the anatomic region specific conversion factors ( ). The average effective dose for the head, abdomen, chest, neck, and pelvis were 3.63± 2.39mSv, 15.37±8.49 mSv, 12.72 ± 13.97 mSv, 4.04 ± 1.47 mSv and 15.8 ± 3.59 mSv respectively. Effective doses for the head and neck were within the typical range of (1-10mSv) for CT examinations whilst abdomen, chest and pelvis were above 10mSv. The average life attributable risk of cancer incidence for each region of examination were determined from the effective dose, sex and age using  the model proposed in BEIR VII Report . The average cancer risk incidence for head, neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis examinations were low in the range 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000. There were wide variations in the effective dose values obtained for the same region under examination. This trend calls for the optimization of CT examination protocols to be established to ensure that patient doses are as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account especially for chest examinations.

Authors and Affiliations

T. A. Sackey
Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra-Ghana
C. Schandorf
School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra-Ghana
J. J. Fletcher
Department of Applied Physics, University of Development Studies, Navrongo-Ghana
Y. B. Mensah
Radiology Department, Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, Accra-Ghana
I. Shirazu
Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra-Ghana
K.O. Akyea-Larbi
School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra-Ghana
E. K. Tiburu
Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra-Ghana
S. T. Odonkor

Computed Tomography, Dose Length Product, Effective Dose, Cancer Risk, Cancer Incidence, Life Attributable Risk

  1. American Association of Physicist in Medicine (AAPM) Report No. 204. "Size –Specific Dose Estimation (SSDE) in Pediatric and Adult Body CT Examinations"
  2. Inkoom et al, "Adult Medical X-ray Dose assessments for Computed Tomography procedures in Ghana-A review paper", Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol.19,No. 1 and 2 :1-9, 2014
  3. Paul D. Deak et al, Multisection CT Protocols: Sex and Age-Specific Conversion Factors used to determine Effective Dose from Dose-Length Product, Radiology: Volume 257; Number 1-October 2010
  4. Federal office for Radiation Protection. Annual Report 2005. Langenhagen, Germany: Schliitersche Druck. 2005. http:// www.bfs.pdf. May 4, 2014
  5. Brix G. Nagel HD, Stamm G, et al. Radiation exposure in multi-slice versus single slice spiral CT: result of a nationwide survey. EurRadiol 2003; 13(8): 1979-1991
  6. Mettler FA Jr, Wiest PW, Locken J.A, Kelsey CA. CT scanning: Patterns of use and dose J Radiol Prot 2000:20(4) : 353-359
  7. Shrimpton PC, Edyvean S. CT scanner dosimetry. Br J Radiol 1998; 71(841):1– 3
  8. Brenner DJ, Hall EJ, Computed tomography: an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl T Med 2007; 357(22); 2277 - 2284
  9. AAPM Report No.96"The Measurement, Reporting and management of Radiation Dose in CT " American Association of Physicist in Medicine ,One Physics Ellipse ,College Park , MD 207-3846 . ( 2008)
  10. Even-Sapir E. et al. imaging of malignant bone involvement by morphologic, scintigraphic, and hybrid modalities. J Nuc Med 2005; 46(8); 1356-67
  11. Mettler et al, 2000. CT scanning: Patterns of use and dose J Radiol Prot. 20(4) 353-359
  12. Richard R. Monson et al, ‘Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation’; BEIR VII Report Pg 259-267 (2006)
  13. Board of Radiation Effects Research Division on Earth and Life Sciences National Research Council of the National Academics. Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation; BEIR VII Phase 2. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2006
  14. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP. 2007; 37 (2–4): 1–332
  15. NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), 1993, Risk Estimates for Radiation Protection, NCRP Report No. 115, Bethesda, Maryland, December 31. ISBN 0-929600-34-7
  16. Wilson, W. Design of exposure measurements for epidemiologic studies. Presented at Annual Meeting of the Chinese Assoc. for Aerosol Research, Taiwan, Taipei, October 30-31, 1999.
  17. UNSCEAR 2000 report vol. i, sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation UNSCEAR 2000 report to the general assembly, with scientific annexes.
  18. Rebecca Smith-Bindman et al Radiation Dose Association with Common Computed Tomography Examinations and the Associated Attributable Risk of Cancer, Arch Intern MED. VOL 169 (22) : Dec 14/28, 2009 pg 2078-2086.

Publication Details

Published in : Volume 4 | Issue 2 | January-February 2018
Date of Publication : 2018-02-28
License:  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Page(s) : 861-868
Manuscript Number : IJSRST184170
Publisher : Technoscience Academy

Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X

Cite This Article :

T. A. Sackey, C. Schandorf, J. J. Fletcher, Y. B. Mensah, I. Shirazu, K.O. Akyea-Larbi, E. K. Tiburu, S. T. Odonkor, " Cancer Risk Assessment of Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Examination at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital", International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Print ISSN : 2395-6011, Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Volume 4, Issue 2, pp.861-868, January-February-2018. Available at doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST184170    
Journal URL : https://ijsrst.com/IJSRST184170
Citation Detection and Elimination     |      | |
  • Inkoom et al, "Adult Medical X-ray Dose assessments for Computed Tomography procedures in Ghana-A review paper", Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol.19,No. 1 and 2 :1-9, 2014
  • Paul D. Deak et al, Multisection CT Protocols: Sex and Age-Specific Conversion Factors used to determine Effective Dose from Dose-Length Product, Radiology: Volume 257; Number 1-October 2010
  • Federal office for Radiation Protection. Annual Report 2005. Langenhagen, Germany: Schliitersche Druck. 2005. http:// www.bfs.pdf. May 4, 2014
  • Brix G. Nagel HD, Stamm G, et al. Radiation exposure in multi-slice versus single slice spiral CT: result of a nationwide survey. EurRadiol 2003; 13(8): 1979-1991
  • Mettler FA Jr, Wiest PW, Locken J.A, Kelsey CA. CT scanning: Patterns of use and dose J Radiol Prot 2000:20(4) : 353-359
  • Shrimpton PC, Edyvean S. CT scanner dosimetry. Br J Radiol 1998; 71(841):1– 3
  • Brenner DJ, Hall EJ, Computed tomography: an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl T Med 2007; 357(22); 2277 - 2284
  • AAPM Report No.96"The Measurement, Reporting and management of Radiation Dose in CT " American Association of Physicist in Medicine ,One Physics Ellipse ,College Park , MD 207-3846 . ( 2008)
  • Even-Sapir E. et al. imaging of malignant bone involvement by morphologic, scintigraphic, and hybrid modalities. J Nuc Med 2005; 46(8); 1356-67
  • Mettler et al, 2000. CT scanning: Patterns of use and dose J Radiol Prot. 20(4) 353-359
  • Richard R. Monson et al, ‘Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation’; BEIR VII Report Pg 259-267 (2006)
  • Board of Radiation Effects Research Division on Earth and Life Sciences National Research Council of the National Academics. Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation; BEIR VII Phase 2. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2006
  • The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP. 2007; 37 (2–4): 1–332
  • NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), 1993, Risk Estimates for Radiation Protection, NCRP Report No. 115, Bethesda, Maryland, December 31. ISBN 0-929600-34-7
  • Wilson, W. Design of exposure measurements for epidemiologic studies. Presented at Annual Meeting of the Chinese Assoc. for Aerosol Research, Taiwan, Taipei, October 30-31, 1999.
  • UNSCEAR 2000 report vol. i, sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation UNSCEAR 2000 report to the general assembly, with scientific annexes.
  • Rebecca Smith-Bindman et al Radiation Dose Association with Common Computed Tomography Examinations and the Associated Attributable Risk of Cancer, Arch Intern MED. VOL 169 (22) : Dec 14/28, 2009 pg 2078-2086.
  • " target="_blank"> BibTeX
    |
  • Inkoom et al, "Adult Medical X-ray Dose assessments for Computed Tomography procedures in Ghana-A review paper", Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol.19,No. 1 and 2 :1-9, 2014
  • Paul D. Deak et al, Multisection CT Protocols: Sex and Age-Specific Conversion Factors used to determine Effective Dose from Dose-Length Product, Radiology: Volume 257; Number 1-October 2010
  • Federal office for Radiation Protection. Annual Report 2005. Langenhagen, Germany: Schliitersche Druck. 2005. http:// www.bfs.pdf. May 4, 2014
  • Brix G. Nagel HD, Stamm G, et al. Radiation exposure in multi-slice versus single slice spiral CT: result of a nationwide survey. EurRadiol 2003; 13(8): 1979-1991
  • Mettler FA Jr, Wiest PW, Locken J.A, Kelsey CA. CT scanning: Patterns of use and dose J Radiol Prot 2000:20(4) : 353-359
  • Shrimpton PC, Edyvean S. CT scanner dosimetry. Br J Radiol 1998; 71(841):1– 3
  • Brenner DJ, Hall EJ, Computed tomography: an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl T Med 2007; 357(22); 2277 - 2284
  • AAPM Report No.96"The Measurement, Reporting and management of Radiation Dose in CT " American Association of Physicist in Medicine ,One Physics Ellipse ,College Park , MD 207-3846 . ( 2008)
  • Even-Sapir E. et al. imaging of malignant bone involvement by morphologic, scintigraphic, and hybrid modalities. J Nuc Med 2005; 46(8); 1356-67
  • Mettler et al, 2000. CT scanning: Patterns of use and dose J Radiol Prot. 20(4) 353-359
  • Richard R. Monson et al, ‘Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation’; BEIR VII Report Pg 259-267 (2006)
  • Board of Radiation Effects Research Division on Earth and Life Sciences National Research Council of the National Academics. Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation; BEIR VII Phase 2. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2006
  • The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP. 2007; 37 (2–4): 1–332
  • NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), 1993, Risk Estimates for Radiation Protection, NCRP Report No. 115, Bethesda, Maryland, December 31. ISBN 0-929600-34-7
  • Wilson, W. Design of exposure measurements for epidemiologic studies. Presented at Annual Meeting of the Chinese Assoc. for Aerosol Research, Taiwan, Taipei, October 30-31, 1999.
  • UNSCEAR 2000 report vol. i, sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation UNSCEAR 2000 report to the general assembly, with scientific annexes.
  • Rebecca Smith-Bindman et al Radiation Dose Association with Common Computed Tomography Examinations and the Associated Attributable Risk of Cancer, Arch Intern MED. VOL 169 (22) : Dec 14/28, 2009 pg 2078-2086.
  • " target="_blank">RIS
    |
  • Inkoom et al, "Adult Medical X-ray Dose assessments for Computed Tomography procedures in Ghana-A review paper", Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol.19,No. 1 and 2 :1-9, 2014
  • Paul D. Deak et al, Multisection CT Protocols: Sex and Age-Specific Conversion Factors used to determine Effective Dose from Dose-Length Product, Radiology: Volume 257; Number 1-October 2010
  • Federal office for Radiation Protection. Annual Report 2005. Langenhagen, Germany: Schliitersche Druck. 2005. http:// www.bfs.pdf. May 4, 2014
  • Brix G. Nagel HD, Stamm G, et al. Radiation exposure in multi-slice versus single slice spiral CT: result of a nationwide survey. EurRadiol 2003; 13(8): 1979-1991
  • Mettler FA Jr, Wiest PW, Locken J.A, Kelsey CA. CT scanning: Patterns of use and dose J Radiol Prot 2000:20(4) : 353-359
  • Shrimpton PC, Edyvean S. CT scanner dosimetry. Br J Radiol 1998; 71(841):1– 3
  • Brenner DJ, Hall EJ, Computed tomography: an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl T Med 2007; 357(22); 2277 - 2284
  • AAPM Report No.96"The Measurement, Reporting and management of Radiation Dose in CT " American Association of Physicist in Medicine ,One Physics Ellipse ,College Park , MD 207-3846 . ( 2008)
  • Even-Sapir E. et al. imaging of malignant bone involvement by morphologic, scintigraphic, and hybrid modalities. J Nuc Med 2005; 46(8); 1356-67
  • Mettler et al, 2000. CT scanning: Patterns of use and dose J Radiol Prot. 20(4) 353-359
  • Richard R. Monson et al, ‘Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation’; BEIR VII Report Pg 259-267 (2006)
  • Board of Radiation Effects Research Division on Earth and Life Sciences National Research Council of the National Academics. Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation; BEIR VII Phase 2. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2006
  • The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP. 2007; 37 (2–4): 1–332
  • NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), 1993, Risk Estimates for Radiation Protection, NCRP Report No. 115, Bethesda, Maryland, December 31. ISBN 0-929600-34-7
  • Wilson, W. Design of exposure measurements for epidemiologic studies. Presented at Annual Meeting of the Chinese Assoc. for Aerosol Research, Taiwan, Taipei, October 30-31, 1999.
  • UNSCEAR 2000 report vol. i, sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation UNSCEAR 2000 report to the general assembly, with scientific annexes.
  • Rebecca Smith-Bindman et al Radiation Dose Association with Common Computed Tomography Examinations and the Associated Attributable Risk of Cancer, Arch Intern MED. VOL 169 (22) : Dec 14/28, 2009 pg 2078-2086.
  • " target="_blank">CSV

    Article Preview