Power Grid Synchronization Failure Detection for Unacceptable Range of Voltage and Frequency

Abstract

The project is designed to develop a system to detect the synchronization failure of any external supply source to the power grid on sensing the abnormalities in frequency and voltage. There are several power generation units connected to the grid such as hydel, thermal, solar etc. to supply power to the load. These generating units need to supply power according to the rules of the grid. As per CENTRAL ELECTRICTY AUTHORITY OF INDIA REGULATIONS 2010, variation of the system voltage should be of ± 5 % and make all efforts to operate at a frequency close to 50 Hz and shall not allow it to go beyond the range 49.2 to 50.3 Hz. These rules involve maintaining a voltage variation within limits and also the frequency. If any deviation from the acceptable limit of the grid it is mandatory that the same feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid which by effect is termed as islanding. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of the grid power. So it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid complete grid failure. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices to isolate the grid from the erring supply source by sensing cycle by cycle deviation for more sophisticated means of detection.