Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Different Soil Samples of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh States

Abstract

The word agriculture is more related to natural activity and to nature like plant life cycle, ecosystem, green earth, vegetables, fruits, soil, water & natural environment. Plants have a number of relationships with fungi, bacteria, and algae. These are known to deliver a number of benefits including plant nutrition, disease resistance, tolerance to adverse soil and climatic conditions. These techniques have proved to be successful biofertilizers that form a healthy relationship with the roots. Biofertilizers provide eco-friendly organic agro-input and are more cost-effective than chemical fertilizers.

In the present studies various soil samples were collected from actively cultivated lands after a thorough survey of the areas. The places from where these soil samples were collected include Gandipet, Shamirpet areas in Hyderabad, Chevella on the outskirts of Hyderabad and Adilabad district of Telangana State and Kurnool, Kadapa, Gudipadu areas of Andhra Pradesh State. Most of the soils thus obtained were seem to be supporting agriculture actively. These soil samples thus collected were packeted and brought to the laboratory for further microbiological testing. Characterization and microscopic observation of the culture was done and the bacteria identified were Streptomyces sp., Staphylococcus sp., Azotobacter sp., Leptothrix sp., Derxia sp., Bacillus sp., and Sphaerotilus sp. Of the above isolated organisms Azotobacter sp. Streptomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. are familiar to be used as biofertilizers in various crop fields. Derxia sp. is a Gram negative, nitrogen fixing bacteria but not much known as a biofertilizer, which seems to be very interesting to scientist to work on it. Hence it is important to study its role in agriculture.