Effect of Acid Mine Drainage on Quality Deterioration of Aquatic Ecosystem and Behavioural Changes of Aquatic Organisms
Keywords:
AMD, Heavy Metals, Behaviour, EcosystemAbstract
Physico chemical characteristics of various aquatic ecosystems have been altered by large scale environmental degradation due to extensive deforestation and coal mining in the area. The primary cause of degradation of water quality and the declining trend of biodiversity in the water bodies of the mining area is mainly due to the Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) originating from coal mines. Simsang river of Garo hills that constitute an important habitat for coldwater fisheries has become one of the major victim of this. Low pH ,high conductivity, high concentration of sulphates, iron and toxic heavy metals , low DO are some of the physico-chemical and biological parameters which characterize the degradation of water quality. In the present study heavy metals like Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni, were detected in the AMD mixed water above permissible limits. Out of this Fe, Pb, Cd were present in high amount . Different behavioural changes including hyperactivity, changes in opercular movement rate, irregular swimming activity, jerking movements, loss in equilibrium , secretion of excessive mucus were reported during present study.
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