Determination of Henry's Constant of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Using Epics-Spme-GC Technique

Authors

  • Sirpa Akhilkumar  National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana, India
  • Sahu S.K  Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Bhangare R.C.  Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Tiwari M.  Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Ajmal P.Y.  Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Rathod T.D.  Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Chandrasekhar M  National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana, India
  • Pandit G.G.  Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Keywords:

Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls, Headspace, Equilibrium Partitioning in Closed Systems, Solid Phase Micro Extraction.

Abstract

Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) are the semi volatile organic pollutants which are liphophilic, hydrophobic and carcinogenic in nature. PCBs are resistant to degradation, due to which, they are persistent in environment and migrate far distances from the origin of their use. Volatilization from water bodies to the atmosphere is a significant environmental pathway for migration of hydrophobic pollutants like PCBs.Knowledge of Henry's law constant (H) is essential in calculating the rate and direction of transfer. Henry's law constant (H) is the ratio of concentration of a compound in air to that of water at equilibrium. A modified equilibration technique was used to determine the Henry's Constants for seven Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) which are found in the environment. This method involves the combination of Equilibrium Partitioning in Closed systems (EPICS) and Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) sampling technique, in which an aqueous diluted stock solution is prepared and attained equilibrium dynamically in a closed system. Further sampling of headspace and water in the experimental set up is done consequently. SPME is an integrated process in which sampling, extraction and pre concentration is done simultaneously. Analysis was done using Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector. By employing mathematical model, Henry's Constants ranging from 0.0001 to 0.02(non-dimensional) for different individual congeners were observed.

References

  1. Wang Ying Shiu and Mackay.1986., Journal of Physical chemistry vol.15.
  2. Jones, K. C. and De Voogt, P. 1998.Environmental. Pollution., 100, 209–221,
  3. PolyChlorinated Biphenyls Air Quality Guidelines – Second Edition, Chapter-5 Europe,2000
  4. “Poly chlorinated Biphenyls and terphenyls”, 2nd edition, Geneva World Health Organization, Europe,1993 (Environmental Health Criteria,No.140).
  5. R.Gioia, and R.Lohmann, et al.,2008 Journal of Geophysical Research -Atmosheres., 113, p. D19302.
  6. R.Gioia, and J. Schuster, et al.,2012;, . Environmental Science and Technology., Vol 46, 10012–10021.
  7. T. Sinks. et al.,.1992, American Journal of Epidomology Vol.136:389-398
  8. S.Tanabe and H.Hidaka, 1983,Journal of Oceanographic Society, 12, 277–288
  9. H. Iwata and Tanabe, S.Environmental Science and Technology., Vol 27, 1080–1098,.
  10. R. Kallenborn, and M. Oehme, et al., 1998,: , Science of Total Environment. Vol 220, 167–180,.
  11. R. Fuoco, and M. P Colombini,. 1996, Microchemical Journal, Vol.54, 384–390,
  12. R. C.Montone,. and S.Taniguchi, et al., 2003. “Science of Total Environment. Vol.308, 167–173.
  13. A. Gambaro, and L. Manodori, et al.,2005 Environmental Science and Technology., Vol.39, 9406–9411.
  14. A. Cabrerizoand and J Dachs,. at al., 2013., Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol.47, 4299–4306
  15. J.-H, Son, M.-H.Kang,. and S.D. Hur, et al.,2012., Science of Total Environment, Vol.433, 290–295.
  16. P Larsson,. and C Jarnmark,. et al.,1992, Antarctica, Marine Pollution. Bulletin, Vol.25, 281–287
  17. S. M. Bengtson Nash, and A. H. Poulsen, 2008,Science of Total Environment.,Vol. 407, 304–314,
  18. C.J.Galbán-Malagón, and S.Del Vento, 2013a., Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.47, 5578–5587,
  19. A. Cabrerizo, and J. Dachs, 2012., Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 46, 1396–1405
  20. L. Zhang, and R.Dickhut, et al., 2013., Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.47, 5643–5651.
  21. E. K.Brault, and M. E.Goebel, et al.,2013, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol.47, 12744–12752..
  22. R. Lohmann, and K. Breivik, et al.,.2007. Current and future research directions, Environmental. Pollution.” Vol.150, 150–165.
  23. A. H Lincoff, and J. M.Gossett, 1984. “Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces”; D. Reidel Publishing: Boston, MA.
  24. D.Mackay, and S. Paterson, 1986. Environmental Science and Technology., Vol.20, 810- 816.
  25. J. E.Baker, and S.Eisenreich, J.1990. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 24, 342-352.
  26. D. R. Achman,.and K. C.Hornbuckle et al.,1993. Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 27, 75-86.
  27. K. C.Hornbuckle, and J. D.Jeremiason, et al., 1994, Environmental Science and Technology.Vol.28, 1491-1501.
  28. K. C. Hornbuckle, and C. W.Sweet, et al., 1995. Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 29, 869-877.
  29. J. D. Jeremiason, and K. C.Hornbuckle, et al., 1994. Environmental Science and Technology. 28, 903914.
  30. K. E. Gustafson, and R. M. Dickhut, 1997. Environmental Science and Technology 31, 1623-1629.
  31. Jeff Staudinger & Paul V. Roberts et al.,1996., Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,26(3), 94305–4020.
  32. D Mackay and W.Y. Shiu. Environmental Science and Technology – New York, 1997. vol. 13 (1979) 333–337.
  33. Fu Fang and Shaogang Chu. 2006. Analytical Chemistry, 78, No.15 , 5412-5418.
  34. Bogdal, M. Scheringer, et al.,2012.. TRAC-Trend, Analytical Chemistry, 46, 251–161
  35. C. McAuliffe,1971. Journal of chemical Technology. 146–51.
  36. Andrew H. Lincoff and James M. Gossett, The determination of henry's constant for volatile organics by equilibrium partitioning in closed systems”, Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, p17-25 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
  37. A.H Lincoff and Gossett. J.M, 1987. Environmental Science and Technology Vol.21202–208.
  38. B Kolb and C.Welter, et al.,1992.Chromatographia Vol.34,235–240.
  39. EttreL and C. Welter et al., 1993.Chromatographia Vol.35, 73–84.
  40. W. Brutsaertand and G. HJirka. (eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, 17- 25. © 1984 by D. Reidel Publish inK Company.
  41. Jo Dewulf and Herman Van Langenhove et al.,1999. Journal of Chromatography A, 830 353–363.
  42. L. P. Burkhard, and D. E. Armstrong.1985. Environmental Science and Technology., Vol.19, 590-596.
  43. F. M Dunnivant,. and A. W. Elzerman.1992. Environmental Science and Technology., Vol .26, 1567-1572.
  44. T. J Murphy, J. C.; Pokojowczyk, Mullin, M. D. Vapor exchange of PCBs with Lake Michigan: The Atmosphere as a Sink for PCBs. In Physical Behavior of PCBs in the Great Lakes; Mackay, D., Patterson, S., Eisenreich, S. J., Simmons, M. S., Eds.; AnnArbor Science: Ann Arbor, MI, 1983; pp 49 -58.
  45. F. M. Dunnivant, and J. T. Coates, 1988. Environmental Science and Technology., Vol .22, 448-453.
  46. S. Brunner, and E. Hornung, et al.,1990. Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 24, 1751-1754.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

Downloads

Published

2018-03-10

Issue

Volume 4, Issue 4, March-April-2018

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) IJSRST

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

[1]
Sirpa Akhilkumar, Sahu S.K, Bhangare R.C., Tiwari M., Ajmal P.Y., Rathod T.D., Chandrasekhar M, Pandit G.G. "Determination of Henry's Constant of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Using Epics-Spme-GC Technique" International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Print ISSN : 2395-6011,Volume 4, Issue 4, pp.145-152, March-April-2018.