Witnessed a Phenomenon where the Backward Castes Embraced Sanskritization : 1920s and 1930s

Abstract

According to the vivid words of Francine Frankel, the social hierarchy in Bihar was dominated by Brahmins, Bhumihars, and Rajputs for a significant period of time. However, their authority was later challenged by the Upper Shudras, including the Yadavs, Kurmis, and Koeris. Among the Muslim community, the highest ranked were the Ashrafs, which included Saiyads, Sheikhs, and Pathans, who were landowners. They were followed by the Razil, who were considered the laboring class. These groups, along with the Kayasths, formed the "respectable" people in society, contrasting with other groups such as the Ahirs, Momins, Chamars, and Julahas. Various organizations like the Bihar Kayastha Provincial Sabha, Bihar Landholders Association, Bihar Provincial Muslim League, Gopajatiya Sabha, Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee, All-India Yadav Mahasabha, and Bihar Pradesh Kisan Sabha played significant roles in the political landscape of Bihar. These organizations represented the different social forces at play.