IOT BASED DC MOTOR SPEED AND DIRECTION CONTROL

----------------------------------------------------------


INTRODUCTION:
In recent years, with scientific and technological progress and social development, the electronic technology is developing rapidly, to achieve the portability and low cost and energy efficient, and the noise limit, a DC motor is used widely, so, the study of DC motor speed adjustable has more practical significance.The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise; counter clockwise, forward brake and reverse brake.It also has a feature of speed control.The four quadrant operation of the DC motor is best suited for industries where motors are used and as per requirement as they can rotate in clockwise, counter-clockwise and also apply brakes immediately in both forward brake and reverse brake is its integrated features.Instantaneous brake in both the directions happens as a result of applying a reverse voltage across the running motor for a brief period and the speed control of the motor can be achieved with the PWM pulses generated by the microcontroller.
A IOT Based DC motor control operation is necessary for industrial as well as marketable applications.These applications need both driving and braking that means motoring and generating ability.Some of these applications comprise lifts, cranes, electric traction systems, engine test loading systems, and cable laying winders.The different quadrant processes drive the motor with usual as well as the turnaround of both voltage and currents so as to run as well as to crack the motor either in any directions.
Let us discuss an Atmega328 based IOT Based dc motor control operations in brief.

SCOP AND LIMITATIONS:
 In this method absence of rheostatic control hence power loss is negligible.
 By using this method we can control many motors via central controller.
 Due to Arduino Software we can control as well as displaying various parameters related to speed, armature current and temperature.
 In this method we can control above as well as below rated speed of motor.
 We can control many motors with different speed and different temperature.
 Due to this project industrial growth is increases rapidly.

METHODOLOGY
braking and instantaneous reverse braking of a dc motor with the help of microcontroller through motor driver (L293D) has been proposed.

METHODOLOGY
DC machines play a very important role in industries and in our daily life.The outstanding advantage of DC machines is that they offer easily controllable characteristics.This paper is designed to develop a four quadrant speed control system for a DC motor using microcontroller.The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake.It also has a feature of speed control.The four quadrant operation of the dc motor is best suited for industries where motors are used and as per requirement they can rotate in clockwise, counterclockwise and also apply brakes immediately in both the directions.In case of a specific operation in industrial environment, the motor needs to be stopped immediately.In such scenario, this proposed system is very apt as forward brake and reverse brake are its integral features.In this work the concept of four quadrant speed control i.e. clockwise movement, anticlockwise movement, instantaneous forward braking and instantaneous reverse braking of a dc motor with the help of microcontroller through motor driver (L293D) has been proposed.

LITERATURE SURVEY
Research Paper:

IOT BASED DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING ARDUINO
The project is designed to develop a four-quadrant speed-control system for a DC motor.The motor is operated in four quadrants: clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake.It also has a feature of speed control.The four-quadrant operation of the DC motor is best suited for industries where motors are used according to the requirement.They can rotate in clockwise, counterclockwise directions and also one can apply brakes immediately in both the directions.In case of a specific operation in industrial environment, the motor needs to be stopped immediately.In such a scenario, this proposed system is very apt as forward brake and reverse brake are its integral features.Instantaneous brake in both the directions happens as a result of applying a reverse voltage across the running motor for a brief period and the speed control of the motor can be achieved with PWM pulses generated by the Arduino Board.Arduino Development Board is used for this operation.Push buttons are provided for the operation of the motor which are interfaced to the Arduino that provides input signal to it and in turn controls the speed of the motor through a motor driver IC.Speed control feature by push-button operation is also available in this project.

Arduino Based Speed Control of DC Motor by Using LabVIEW
Speed of a DC motor varies proportional to the input voltage.With a fixed supply.voltage the speed of the motor can be changed by switching the supply on and off so frequently that the motor notices only the average voltage effect and not the switching operation dc which is then filtered by an electrolytic capacitor of about 470µF to 1000µF.The filtered dc eing unregulated, IC LM7805 is used to get 5V DC constant at its pin no 3 irrespective of input DC varying from 7V to 15V.
The input dc shall be varying in the event of input ac at 230volts section varies from 160V to 270V in the ratio of the transformer primary voltage V1 to secondary voltage V2 governed by the formula V1/V2=N1/N2.As N1/N2 i.e. no. of turns in the primary to the no. of turns in the secondary remains unchanged V2 is directly proportional to V1.The ESP8266 is the name of a micro controller designed by Espressif Systems.The ESP8266 itself is a self-contained WiFi networking solution offering as a bridge from existing micro controller to WiFi and is also capable of running self-contained applications.This module comes with a built in USB connector and a rich assortment of pin-outs.With a micro USB cable, you can connect NodeMCU devkit to your laptop and flash it without any trouble, just like Arduino.It is also immediately breadboard friendly.
 In this method absence of rheostatic control hence power loss is negligible.
 By using this method we can control many motors via central Atmega328 Microcontroller  In this method we can control above as increase as below decrease speed of motor.
 We can control many motors with different speed and different temperature.

FUTURE WORK
Instead of keypad we can use NodeMcu which can be connected to IOT (internet of things).By using IOT we can operate the relays from any area as we can directly connect to the server.Wireless ultrasonic and PIR sensors can be also used.
We can use SCADA system, to help easy trouble shoot, to identify the fault location directly and line man can easily rectify it.
We can also use EPROMS that can be interfaced to system so the circuit breaker cannot only operate from the substation, but also from other location through wireless communication.
In future, apart from controlling the speed and direction of DC motors, the same technique can be implemented in both single phase and three phase AC motors as well.For long range wireless communication WIFI-module can be used.Touch screen technology can also be implemented.

CONCLUSIONS
The hardware for four quadrant DC motor speed control using microcontroller is designed.The prototype hardware model for the four quadrant DC motor speed control using microcontroller is designed.A simulated model has been developed by Proteus software and then result has been verified using a prototype hardware model.In the proposed model, the PWM technique has been used to control the speed of DC motor.By variation in duty cycle, applied voltage varies therefore the speed of DC motor can be controlled.The waveform of input pulse given to DC motor has been taken for different values of duty cycle and it has been observed that speed of DC motor is directly proportional to duty cycle, i.e. as the one time duty cycle increases the speed of DC motor also increases.The waveform of input pulse of DC motor has been taken for forward and reverse braking mode and it has been observed that the amplitude of waveform became high for very short duration and after that amplitude becomes zero.In the experimental result, it has been observed that some harmonics are occurring.It is due to different nonlinear electronic components such as diodes, transistors etc. present in the prototype developed model.It is proved to be operated so simply.This project is practical and highly feasible in an economic point of view and it has an advantage of running motors of higher ratings.

Port
an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit).The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability.As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated.The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset Introduction The Atmel ATmega8A is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture.By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle,


The circuit is bulky. The programming is complicated. The circuit is complicated. High cost  Slow speed of circuits APPLICATIONS  It can be used to protect any thing  It can be used in industrial automation  It can be used to turn on an of the industrial motors  It is used in army station  It can used to control home appliances like fan, etc.