Design of Bio Potential Amplifier for Biomedical Applications

Authors

  • Akshal Dhal  Jayshree Periwal International School, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Keywords:

Amplifiers, Operational transconductance amplifier, Bio-potential amplifier, Low noise amplifier, Source degeneration, Transconductance, Unity gain bandwidth.

Abstract

The design of bio-medical signal acquisition system has become possible because of advancements in CMOS technology at rapid rate with tradeoffs in area, speed and power. These advancements have made it easy to continuously monitor and process the various bio-physiological signals whose amplitude and frequency characteristics are in the voltage range of few µV to mV and a frequency range of dc-10 kHz respectively. In bio-medical signal acquisition system, the first and the foremost important block is front-end amplifier (FEA), also sometimes referred as low noise amplifier (LNA) or preamplifier, or in some applications also called as instrumentation amplifier (IA). The important characteristics of such an analog front end are, it should exhibit low-power, low-noise, high gain, high CMRR, high PSRR, high input impedance, high dynamic range and smaller area. Tradeoffs among these characteristics can be optimized in a FEA design by suitable selection of its topology. Design of such analog front end amplifier has a vital role in defining the performance characteristics of the overall biomedical system. In this research work a novel amplifier designs are proposed to improve the noise efficiency especially for biomedical applications.

References

  1. Aziz, J. N., Abdelhalim, K., Shulyzki, R., Genov, R., Bardakjian, B. L., Derchansky, M., Serletis, D. and Carlen, P. L. (2009), ‘256-channel neural recording and delta compression microsystem with 3d electrodes’, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 44(3), 995–1005.
  2. Bai, Q. and Wise, K. D. (2001), ‘Single-unit neural recording with active microelectrode arrays’, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 48(8), 911–920.
  3. Baishnab, K., Guha, K., Chanda, S., Laskar, N. and Biswas, D. (2017), A low power, low noise amplifier for neural signal amplification in scl 180nm, in ‘Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC), 2017 International Conference on’, IEEE, pp. 1–2.
  4. Ballini, M., Muller, J., Livi, P., Chen, Y., Frey, U., Stettler, A., Shadmani, A., Viswam, ¨ V., Jones, I. L., Jackel, D. et al. (2014), ‘A 1024-channel cmos microelectrode array with ¨ 26,400 electrodes for recording and stimulation of electrogenic cells in vitro’, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 49(11), 2705–2719.
  5. Beeby, S. P., Tudor, M. J. and White, N. (2006), ‘Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications’, Measurement science and technology 17(12), R175.
  6. Beneventi, G. B., Gnani, E., Gnudi, A., Reggiani, S. and Baccarani, G. (2013), Inas tfet optimized by means of tcad to meet all the itrs specs at vdd= 0.5 v, in ‘Proc. Int. Semicond. Device Res. Symp.(ISDRS)’, pp. 1–2.
  7. Chandrakumar, H. and Markovic, D. (2017), ‘A high dynamic-range neural recording ´ chopper amplifier for simultaneous neural recording and stimulation’, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 52(3), 645–656.
  8. Chang, S.-I., Park, S.-Y. and Yoon, E. (2018), ‘Minimally-invasive neural interface for distributed wireless electrocorticogram recording systems’, Sensors 18(1), 263.
  9. Chaturvedi, V. and Amrutur, B. (2011), ‘An area-efficient noise-adaptive neural amplifier in 130 nm cmos technology’, IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems 1(4), 536–545.
  10. Chen, Y., Basu, A., Liu, L., Zou, X., Rajkumar, R., Dawe, G. S. and Je, M. (2014), ‘A digitally assisted, signal folding neural recording amplifier’, IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems 8(4), 528–542.
  11. Cheng, W., Annema, A. J., Wienk, G. J. and Nauta, B. (2013), ‘A flicker noise/im3 cancellation technique for active mixer using negative impedance’, IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 48(10), 2390–2402.
  12. Cong, P. (2016), ‘Neural interfaces for implantable medical devices: Circuit design considerations for sensing, stimulation, and safety’, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 8(4), 48–56.
  13. Enz, C. C. and Temes, G. C. (1996), ‘Circuit techniques for reducing the effects of op-amp imperfections: autozeroing, correlated double sampling, and chopper stabilization’, Proceedings of the IEEE 84(11), 1584–1614.
  14. Fiorelli, R., Peral´ıas, E., Silveira, F. and Cornetta, G. (2012), An all-inversion-region gm/id based design methodology for radiofrequency blocks in cmos nanometer technologies, in ‘Wireless Radio-Frequency Standards and System Design: Advanced Techniques’, IGI Global, pp. 15–39.
  15. Foty, D., Bucher, M. and Binkley, D. (2002), Re-interpreting the mos transistor via the inversion coefficient and the continuum of g/sub ms//i/sub d, in ‘Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2002. 9th International Conference on’, Vol. 3, IEEE, pp. 1179–1182.
  16. Gallegos, S. A. and Huq, H. F. (2014), A 128.7 nw neural amplifier and gm-c filter for eeg, using gm/id methodology and a current reference without resistance, in ‘Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on’, IEEE, pp. 876–880.
  17. Huang, Y., Shrivastava, A., Barnes, L. E. and Calhoun, B. H. (2016), ‘A design and theoretical analysis of a 145 mv to 1.2 v single-ended level converter circuit for ultra-low power low voltage ics’, Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 6(3), 11.
  18.  IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 28, o. N.-I. R. H. (1992), IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3kHz to 300 GHz, Institute of Electrical and Electonics Engineers, Incorporated.
  19. Jochum, T., Denison, T. and Wolf, P. (2009), ‘Integrated circuit amplifiers for multielectrode intracortical recording’, Journal of neural engineering 6(1), 012001.
  20. Johns, D. A. and Martin, K. (2008), Analog integrated circuit design, John Wiley and Sons. Kaczmarek, K. A. and Webster, J. G. (1989), Voltage-current characteristics of the electrotactile skin-electrode interface, in ‘Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1989. Images of the Twenty-First Century., Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in’, IEEE, pp. 1526–1527.
  21. Kim, S., Tathireddy, P., Normann, R. A. and Solzbacher, F. (2007), In vitro and in vivo study of temperature increases in the brain due to a neural implant, in ‘Neural Engineering, 2007.
  22. CNE’07. 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on’, IEEE, pp. 163–166. Kmon, P. and Grybos, P. (2013), ‘Energy efficient low-noise multichannel neural ampli- ´ fier in submicron cmos process’, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 60(7), 1764–1775.
  23.  Kumaravel, S., Tirumala, K., Venkataramani, B. and Raja, R. (2013), ‘A power efficient low noise preamplifier for biomedical applications’, Journal of Low Power Electronics 9(4), 501–509.
  24. Laber, C. A. and Gray, P. R. (1988), ‘A positive-feedback transconductance amplifier with applications to high-frequency, high-q cmos switched-capacitor filters’, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 23(6), 1370–1378.
  25. Layton, K. D. (2007), Low-voltage analog CMOS architectures and design methods, Brigham Young University. Lazzi, G. (2005), ‘Thermal effects of bioimplants’, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 24(5), 75–81.
  26. Madian, A., Moustafa, S. and El-Kolaly, H. (2014), Memcapacitor based cmos neural amplifier, in ‘Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on’, IEEE, pp. 418–421.
  27. Majidzadeh, V., Schmid, A. and Leblebici, Y. (2011), ‘Energy efficient low-noise neural recording amplifier with enhanced noise efficiency factor’, IEEE Transactions on biomedical circuits and systems 5(3), 262–271.
  28. Mandal, S. and Sarpeshkar, R. (2007), ‘Low-power cmos rectifier design for rfid applications’, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 54(6), 1177– 1188.
  29. Meganathan, D., Perinbam, R. P. and Deepalakshmi, R. (2009), ‘High speed, low power 100 ms/s front end track-and-hold amplifier for ten-bit pipelined adc’, International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture 2(1), 1–15.
  30. Mhetre, M. R., Nagdeo, N. S. and Abhyankar, H. (2011), Micro energy harvesting for biomedical applications: A review, in ‘Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT), 2011 3rd International Conference on’, Vol. 3, IEEE, pp. 1–5. Minch, B. A. (2002),
  31. A low-voltage mos cascode bias circuit for all current levels, in ‘Circuits and Systems, 2002. ISCAS 2002. IEEE International Symposium on’, Vol. 3, IEEE, pp. III–III.
  32. Patra, P., Kumaravel, S. and Venkatramani, B. (2012), Design of low power enhanced fully differential recyclic folded cascode ota, in ‘International Conference on Advances in Communication, Network, and Computing’, Springer, pp. 208–216.
  33. Peng, S.-Y., Lee, Y.-H., Wang, T.-Y., Huang, H.-C., Lai, M.-R., Lee, C.-H. and Liu, L.- H. (2018), ‘A power-efficient reconfigurable ota-c filter for low-frequency biomedical applications’, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 65(2), 543– 555.
  34. Perez-Nicoli, P., Veirano, F., Lisboa, P. C. and Silveira, F. (2016), ‘Low-power operational transconductance amplifier with slew-rate enhancement based on non-linear current mirror’, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 89(3), 521–529.
  35. Qian, C., Parramon, J. and Sanchez-Sinencio, E. (2011), ‘A micropower low-noise neural recording front-end circuit for epileptic seizure detection’, IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits 46(6), 1392–1405.
  36. Ruiz-Amaya, J., Rodriguez-Perez, A. and Delgado-Restituto, M. (2015), ‘A low noise amplifier for neural spike recording interfaces’, Sensors 15(10), 25313–25335.
  37. Saberhosseini, S. S., Zabihian, A. and Sodagar, A. M. (2012), Low-noise ota for neural amplifying applications, in ‘Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICCDCS), 2012 8th International Caribbean Conference on’, IEEE, pp. 1–4.
  38. Saidulu, B., Manoharan, A. and Sundaram, K. (2016), ‘Low noise low power cmos telescopic-ota for bio-medical applications’, Computers 5(4), 25. Sansen, W. (2015), ‘Minimum power in analog amplifying blocks: Presenting a design procedure’, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 7(4), 83–89.
  39. Santhanalakshmi, M. and Vanathi, P. (2012), ‘A 1.2 v improved operational amplifier for bio-medical applications’, International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology 9(4), 337–350.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

Downloads

Published

2022-10-30

Issue

Volume 9, Issue 5, September-October-2022

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) IJSRST

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

[1]
Akshal Dhal "Design of Bio Potential Amplifier for Biomedical Applications" International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology(IJSRST), Online ISSN : 2395-602X, Print ISSN : 2395-6011,Volume 9, Issue 5, pp.219-234, September-October-2022.