Alzheimer's Disease : Current Landscape and Future Directions

Authors

  • Ravinder Kaur Research Scholar, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India Author
  • Brijesh Kumar Duvey Associate Professor, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India Author
  • Anjali Swami Research Scholar, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India Author
  • Madhu Vashisht Research Scholar, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India Author
  • Vrinda Goel Research Scholar, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India Author
  • Nidhi Research Scholar, Department of History, BMU Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, Haryana, India Author
  • Vijay Kumar Research Scholar, Department of History, BMU Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, Haryana, India Author
  • Anurag Bhargava Professor, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST24115100

Keywords:

Monoclonal Antibodies, Anti-Amyloids, Blood Based Biomarkers, Conventional & Novel Treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, constituting up to 72% of cases, and poses a significant financial burden on global healthcare. The aging population is expected to triple the cost of dementia to over $600 billion in the US alone by 2050. Dementia, a major cause of dependency and dysfunction, accounted for 11.4% of all reported deaths in Britain and Wales in 2022. Recent studies suggest a potential decline in dementia incidence, especially in males in Occident countries, possibly linked to better management of vascular risk. While 89% of dementia costs are attributed to high-income countries, middle and low-income nations face significant challenges in addressing the epidemiology of dementia. The prevalence of AD in developing nations is estimated at 3.4%, varying widely. Women exhibit a 1.17 times higher age-specific global prevalence compared to men, and their age-normalized death rate is also higher, suggesting factors beyond life expectancy contribute to their vulnerability. AD primarily affects individuals aged 75 or older, with 80% of cases in this age group. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are commonly used in all stages of dementia, though their efficacy in mild cognitive impairment and prodromal AD is uncertain. Distinguishing AD from depression symptoms can be challenging. The pathological features of AD involve neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques, leading to neural and synaptic loss. Multiple mechanisms contribute to AD pathogenesis, including amyloid/tau toxicity and oxidative stress. Diagnosis : traditionally relies on clinical criteria, but biomarkers like CSF Aβ and tau proteins, as well as blood-based biomarkers, have shown promise in early detection. Noveltrearment: Promising treatment options include anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies like aducanumab, lecanemab, and gantenerumab, with varying degrees of success in clinical trials. Donanemab, targeting a specific type of Aβ, has shown significant slowing of mental degradation in early-stage patients.

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Published

08-11-2024

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Research Articles

How to Cite

[1]
Ravinder Kaur , Trans., “Alzheimer’s Disease : Current Landscape and Future Directions”, Int J Sci Res Sci & Technol, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 28–39, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.32628/IJSRST24115100.