A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Analysis of Poaceae Family Plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST2512145Keywords:
Saccharum spontaneum L., Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.), Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical compounds, pharmacological activityAbstract
The Poaceae family has 12,000 species of plants and approximately 800 genera. Around 1291 Poaceae family plant species are found in India. Grasses have been utilized since ancient times for nourishment, medicine, ornamental purposes, handcrafts, ceremonies, etc. Some common medicinal grasses like Aristida setacea L., Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin., Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers, Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd, Digitaria bicornis (Lam.), and Echinochloa colona (L.). Link, Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Aen. ex Nees, Eragrostis coarctata (L.), Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.), Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze, Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv., Leersia hexandra (Sw.), Oplismenus compositus (L.) P. Beauv., have been extensively used in India. Phytochemicals possess important pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cancer prevention, hormone regulation, immune system support, cardiovascular health, and brain health. Pharmacological activities are important for disease treatment and prevention, drug discovery and development, veterinary medicine, etc. Certain grass species are being used as an ethno-medicine. Number of phytochemical compounds are present which are having excellent pharmacological activity. Saccharum spontaneum L. also used as an ethnomedicine to treat various kinds of disease like microbial infections, gynecological issues, piles, sexual weakness, and burning sensations. Various phytochemicals are reported from Saccharum spontaneum L. leaves, like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, coumarins, and quinones. This plant has been recorded to have numerous pharmacological activities, such as CNS depressant, antipsychotic, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diarrheal. Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) used to treat digestion problems, skin diseases, wound healing, and bronchitis. This plant has a number of phytochemical components, including alkaloids, triterpenoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, essential oils, etc. Also, this plant species has antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-lithiasis activities. Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers. is also used as a folk treatment for cancer, epilepsy, snakebites, bronchitis, leucoderma, asthma, tumors, and eye disorders. Also this plant contains phytochemicals including terpenoids, resins, phytosterols, reducing sugars, volatile oils, and fixed oils. It has numerous pharmacological activities, including anti-diabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-infertility, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Downloads
References
Abhishek, B., & Thakur, A. (2012). Anthelmintic activity of Cynodon dactylon. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(3), 01-03.
Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cynodon dactylon-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(7), 17-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/3013-06721731
Anand, U., Jacobo-Herrera, N., Altemimi, A., & Lakhssassi, N. (2019). A comprehensive review on medicinal plants as antimicrobial therapeutics: potential avenues of biocompatible drug discovery. Metabolites, 9(11), 258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110258
Ashokkumar, K., Selvaraj, K., & Muthukrishnan, S. D. (2013). Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.: An updated review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Med Plants Res, 7(48), 3477-3483.
Asthana A, Anil Kumar, Gangwar S and Dora J. (2012). Pharmacological perspectives of Cynodon dactylon. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 3(2):1135-47.
Behera, B., Mishra, S., & Kumar, S. (2024). Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.: a medicinal grass of India. Medicinal Poaceae of India, Volume 1, 29.
Chandel AK, Narasu ML, Chandrasekhar G, Manikyam A, Rao LV. 2009. Use of Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) as biomaterial for cell immobilization and modulated ethanol production by thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae VS3. Bioresource technology 100(8):2404-2410 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.014
Cooperstone, J. L., & Schwartz, S. (2016). Handbook on natural pigments in food and beverages. Industrial Applications for Improving Food Colour.
DAS, M. C., SHILPI, S., & CHANDRA, S. (2013). Overview of Cynodon dactylon (Doob Grass) in modern medicine as antidiabetic herb. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 3(6), 117-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v3i6.701
Dipak Koche, D. K., Rupali Shirsat, R. S., Syed Imran, S. I., & Bhadange, D. G. (2010). Phytochemical screening of eight traditionally used ethnomedicinal plants from Akola District (MS) India.
Edwards, E. J., & Smith, S. A. (2010). Phylogenetic analyses reveal the shady history of C4 grasses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(6), 2532-2537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909672107
Elvin‐Lewis, M. (2005). Safety issues associated with herbal ingredients. Advances in food and nutrition research, 50, 219-313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-4526(05)50007-X
Fatima, I., Kanwal, S., & Mahmood, T. (2018). Evaluation of biological potential of selected species of family Poaceae from Bahawalpur, Pakistan. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 18, 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2092-1
François, G., Steenackers, T., Assi, L. A., Steglich, W., Lamottke, K., Holenz, J., & Bringmann, G. (1999). Vismione H and structurally related anthranoid compounds of natural and synthetic origin as promising drugs against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: structure-activity relationships. Parasitology Research, 85, 582-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004360050598
Gavali, D., & Sharma, D. (2004). Traditional knowledge and biodiversity conservation in Gujarat.
Gebashe, F., Aremu, A. O., Finnie, J. F., & Van Staden, J. (2019). Grasses in South African traditional medicine: a review of their biological activities and phytochemical content. South African Journal of Botany, 122, 301-329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.10.012
Ghani, A. (1998). Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh: Chemical Constituents and uses. Principal Sources of Information. Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh.
Gibson, E. L., Wardle, J., & Watts, C. J. (1998). Fruit and vegetable consumption, nutritional knowledge and beliefs in mothers and children. Appetite, 31(2), 205-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1998.0180
Goodman, L. S., & Gilman, A. (1970). The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (Vol. 230). Macmillan, New York.
Govindaraj, P., Karthigeyan, S., & Pazhany, A. S. (2016). Exploration and genetic diversity analysis of Saccharum spontaneum in Maharashtra state, India. J Sugarcane Res, 6(2), 72-84.
Haines, H. H. (1921). Botany of Bihar and Orissa.
HASLER, C. M. & BLUMBERG, J. B. (1999) Phytochemicals: Biochemistry and Physiology. Journal ofNutrition. 129: 756S-757S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.3.756S
Hussain, M., Khan, M. R. U., Raza, S. M., Aziz, A., Bakhsh, H., Majeed, A., & Mumtaz, F. (2014). Assessment of antibacterial potential of Saccharum spontaneum Linn.(family: poaceae), against different pathogenic microbes-an in vitro study. Journal of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, 3(3), 36..
Hutchings, A., & Scott, A. H. (1996). Zulu medicinal plants: an inventory.
Jaeger, R., & Cuny, E. (2016). Terpenoids with special pharmacological significance: A review. Natural product communications, 11(9), 1934578X1601100946. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1601100946
Jiang, Y., Chen, L., Taylor, R. N., Li, C., & Zhou, X. (2018). Physiological and pathological implications of retinoid action in the endometrium. Journal of Endocrinology, 236(3), R169-R188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-17-0544
Kadia, R., Bhavsar, S., & Modi, N. (2023). A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Buchanania lanzan Sprang., Millettia peguenensis Ali., Evolvulus alsinoides L.
Karthigeyan, S., Govindaraj, P., & Pazhany, A. S. (2020). Wild Sugarcane-Saccharum sp. germplasm collection in the states of Punjab and Haryana, India. Journal of Sugarcane Research, 10(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.37580/JSR.2020.2.10.121-139
Khalid, M., Siddiqui, H. H., & Freed, S. (2011). Free radical scavenging and total phenolic content of Saccharum spontaneum L. root extracts. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 1, 1160-1166.
Khatun, P., Das, S. K., & Khulna, B. (2020). Medicinal and Versatile Uses of an Amazing, Obtainable and Valuable Grass: Cynodon dactylon. Int J Pharm Med Res, 8, 1-11.
Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2005). Text book of Indian medicinal plants. Dehradun, India: International Book Distributors, 2, 993-4.
Kodali, G., & Banu, A. (2016). Hypolipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of Saccharum spontaneum in atherogenic diet induced rats. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 10(1), 16-20.
Kumar, C. A. S., Varadharajan, R., Muthumani, P., Meera, R., Devi, P., & Kameswari, B. (2010). Psychopharmacological studies on the stem of Saccharum spontaneum.
Lapuz, A. M. R., Arabiran, R. D. A., Sembrano, T. M., Albaniel, J. R., Paet, J. C., & Maini, H. A. (2016). Preformulation and evaluation of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Saccharum spontaneum Linne root extract cream. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 7(3), 204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJCEA.2016.V7.573
Mall, A. K., Misra, V., Pathak, A. D., & Srivastava, S. (2022). Breeding for drought tolerance in sugarcane: Indian Perspective. Sugar Tech, 24(6), 1625-1635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-021-01094-z
Murty, P. P., & Rao, G. N. (2010). Unique ethnomedicinal uses of some plant species of Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Phytology, 2(4).
Nagori, B. P., & Solanki, R. (2011). Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.: A valuable medicinal plant. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 5(5), 508-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2011.508.514
Padalia, H., & Chanda, S. (2015). Comparative phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of A. procumbeans, F. dichotoma, S. sponteneum, S. nigra and T. angustifolia. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(2), 11-16.
Parihar, S., & Sharma, D. (2021). Cynodondactylon: A Review of Pharmacological Activities. Sch Acad J Pharm, 11, 183-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2021.v10i11.001
Rajkumar, A., Ramya, J., & Saraswathi, K. Antioxidant activities and total flavonoids content of various extracts from aerial parts of Saccharum spontaneum (Linn.).
Rang, H. P., Dale, M. M., Ritter, J. M., Flower, R. J., & Henderson, G. (2011). Rang & Dale's pharmacology. Elsevier Health Sciences. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-3471-8.00001-9
Rastogi, R. M. (1990). Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India, 1, 388-389.
Ripa, F. A., Haque, M., & Imran-Ul-Haque, M. (2009). In vitro antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of flower extract of Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Eur J Sci Res, 30(3), 478-483.
Rowles III, J. L., & Erdman Jr, J. W. (2020). Carotenoids and their role in cancer prevention. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1865(11), 158613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158613
Rutuba, C., Sharma, P., & Modi, N. (2021). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Estimation of Total Phenols, Total Flavonoids and Anti-oxidant Activity of Leaves of Plumeria pudica Jacq. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 12(67), 32926-32935.
Sahal, A., Hoque, A., Mallick, S. K., & Panda, S. (2014). Medicinal uses of grasses by the tribal people in West Bengal: An overview. Int J Basic App Sci, 3, 63-70.
Sahu, S. C., Rout, N. C., & Dhal, N. K. (2010). Ethnobotany of Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) Hubbard-Poaceae in Orissa, Eastern India, Cultivation Practice, Economics and Prospects. J Adv Developmental Res, 1(2), 155-160.
Saltonstall, K., Bonnett, G. D., & Aitken, K. S. (2021). A perfect storm: ploidy and preadaptation facilitate Saccharum spontaneum escape and invasion in the Republic of Panama. Biological Invasions, 23(4), 1101-1115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02421-3
Sankara Rao, K., Swamy, R. K., Kumar, D., Arun Singh, R., & Gopalakrishna-Bhat, K. (2019). Flora of Peninsular India. Available in http://flora-peninsula-indica. ces. iisc. ac. in/herbsheet. php.
Sathya, M., & Kokilavani, R. (2012). Effect of Saccharum spontaneum Linn. on Lysosomal enzymes of Uro-lithiatic rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(9), 122-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2012.2924
Saxena, H. O., & Brahman, M. (1996). The Flora of Orissa” 1-4 Orissa Forest Development Corporation Ltd. Bhubaneswar, India.
Sharma, B. R., Kumar, V., Gat, Y., Kumar, N., Parashar, A., & Pinakin, D. J. (2018). Microbial maceration: a sustainable approach for phytochemical extraction. 3 Biotech, 8, 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1423-8
Singh, P., & Singhi, C. L. (1981). Chemical investigation of clerodendron-fragrans. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 58(6), 626-627.
Singh, S. K., & Arti Katiyar, A. K. (2016). The economic importance of sugarcane: an imperative grass of Indian sub-continent.
Singh, V., Singh, A., Singh, I. P., & Kumar, B. D. (2021). Phytomedicinal properties of Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers.(durva) in its traditional preparation and extracts. Phytomedicine Plus, 1(1), 100020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100020
Sinha, A. K., Dimri, R., Sharma, B. P., Kumar, S., & Marndi, S. (2023). Medicinal Grasses of India.
Soreng, R. J., Peterson, P. M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G., Zuloaga, F. O., Judziewicz, E. J., ... & Morrone, O. (2015). A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). Journal of Systematics and evolution, 53(2), 117-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
Sureshkumar, C. A., Varadharajan, R., Muthumani, P., Meera, R., Devi, P., & Kameswari, B. (2009). Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical investigations on the stem of Saccharum spontaneum. J Pharm Sci Res, 1(3), 129-36.
Vallverdú-Coll, N., Ortiz-Santaliestra, M. E., Mougeot, F., Vidal, D., & Mateo, R. (2015). Sublethal Pb exposure produces season-dependent effects on immune response, oxidative balance and investment in carotenoid-based coloration in red-legged partridges. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(6), 3839-3850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es505148d
Vhuiyan, M. M. I., Biva, I. J., Saha, M. R., & Islam, M. S. (2008). Anti-diarrhoeal and CNS Depressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 63-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1810
White, J. T. (1904). The national cyclopaedia of American biography (Vol. 12). JT White.
Yuan, Y., & Macquarrie, D. (2015). Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydrate polymers, 129, 101-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.057
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
