Chemical Modification of Chitosan as An Adsorbent for The Removal of Dyes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST2512158Keywords:
Chitosan, Modification, Schiff base, Aldehydes, Adsorption, DesorptionAbstract
Chitosan beads were chemically modified by cross-linking with aldehydes such as valeraldehyde, octanal, o-phthalaldehyde and 9-phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde in order to obtain chitosan Schiff base beads. Chemically modified beads were characterized using FTIR, XRD and elemental analysis (C, H and N). Three cycles of adsorption and desorption studies were performed, modified beads were used for the removal of both Brilliant Blue and Methyl Orange dyes. The chitosan-Schiff base beads exhibited exemplary dye removal efficiency and maintained their ability throughout three cycles. The desorption study was performed using 70% ethanol as a desorbing agent, the desorption study revealed that the modified beads can be regenerated and can be employed as a favourable adsorbent industrially to remove acid dyes from wastewater.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, A., Mohd-Setapar, S. H., Chuong, C. S., Khatoon, A., Wani, W. A., Kumar, R., & Rafatullah, M. (2015). Recent advances in new generation dye removal technologies: novel search for approaches to reprocess wastewater. RSC advances, 5(39), 30801-30818.
Aksu, Z. (2005). Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: a review. Process biochemistry, 40(3-4), 997-1026.
Azlan, K., Saime, W. N. W., & Liew, L. A. I. (2009). Chitosan and chemically modified chitosan beads for acid dye sorption. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21(3), 296-302.
Buthelezi, S. P., Olaniran, A. O., & Pillay, B. (2012). Textile dye removal from wastewater effluents using bioflocculants produced by indigenous bacterial isolates. Molecules, 17(12), 14260-14274.
Chequer, F. D., De Oliveira, G. R., Ferraz, E. A., Cardoso, J. C., Zanoni, M. B., & de Oliveira, D. P. (2013). Textile dyes: dyeing process and environmental impact. Eco-friendly textile dyeing and finishing, 6(6), 151-176.
Cheung, W. H., Szeto, Y. S., & McKay, G. (2007). Intraparticle diffusion processes during acid dye adsorption onto chitosan. Bioresource technology, 98(15), 2897-2904.
dos Santos, J. E., Dockal, E. R., & Cavalheiro, É. T. (2005). Synthesis and characterization of Schiff bases from chitosan and salicylaldehyde derivatives. Carbohydrate polymers, 60(3), 277-282.
El Harfi, S., & El Harfi, A. (2017). Classifications, properties and applications of textile dyes: A review. Applied Journal of Environmental Engineering Science, 3(3), 00000-3.
Gavalyan, V. B. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of new chitosan-based Schiff base compounds. Carbohydrate polymers, 145, 37-47.
Giri, S. K., Das, N. N., & Pradhan, G. C. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles using waste iron ore tailings for adsorptive removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 389(1-3), 43-49.
Hamed, A. A., Abdelhamid, I. A., Saad, G. R., Elkady, N. A., & Elsabee, M. Z. (2020). Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of a novel chitosan Schiff bases based on heterocyclic moieties. International journal of biological macromolecules, 153, 492-501.
Hassaan, M. A., El Nemr, A., & Hassaan, A. (2017). Health and environmental impacts of dyes: mini review. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1(3), 64-67.
Islam, M. R., & Mostafa, M. G. (2018). Textile dyeing effluents and environment concerns-a review. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 11(1-2), 131-144.
Islam, S., Bhuiyan, M. R., & Islam, M. N. (2017). Chitin and chitosan: structure, properties and applications in biomedical engineering. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 25, 854-866.
Jeon, C., & Höll, W. H. (2003). Chemical modification of chitosan and equilibrium study for mercury ion removal. Water Research, 37(19), 4770-4780.
Klotzbach, T. L., Watt, M., Ansari, Y., & Minteer, S. D. (2008). Improving the microenvironment for enzyme immobilization at electrodes by hydrophobically modifying chitosan and Nafion® polymers. Journal of Membrane Science, 311(1-2), 81-88.
Kulkarni, V. H., Kulkarni, P. V., & Keshavayya, J. (2007). Glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked chitosan beads for controlled release of diclofenac sodium. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 103(1), 211-217.
Lal, S., Arora, S., & Sharma, C. (2016). Synthesis, thermal and antimicrobial studies of some Schiff bases of chitosan. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 124, 909-916.
Lu, Y., He, J., & Luo, G. (2013). An improved synthesis of chitosan bead for Pb (II) adsorption. Chemical Engineering Journal, 226, 271-278.
Ma, G., Qian, B., Yang, J., Hu, C., & Nie, J. (2010). Synthesis and properties of photosensitive chitosan derivatives (1). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 46(5), 558-561.
Malarselvi Rajkumar, I., Asaithambi, D., Chidambaram, R. R., & Rajkumar, P. (2020). Double Schiff bases derivatives of chitosan by selective C-6 and C-2 oxidation mediated by 5-fluorosalicylaldehyde aniline by TG-GC-MS and TG-FTIR analysis. Synthetic Communications, 50(17), 2617-2628.
Manzoor, J., & Sharma, M. (2020). Impact of textile dyes on human health and environment. In Impact of textile dyes on public health and the environment (pp. 162-169). IGI Global.
Mezohegyi, G., van der Zee, F. P., Font, J., Fortuny, A., & Fabregat, A. (2012). Towards advanced aqueous dye removal processes: a short review on the versatile role of activated carbon. Journal of environmental management, 102, 148-164.
Mohammad, S., & Suzylawati, I. (2020). Study of the adsorption/desorption of MB dye solution using bentonite adsorbent coating. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 34, 101155.
Nady, N., Rehim, M. H. A., & Badawy, A. A. (2023). Dye Removal Membrane from Electrospun Nanofibers of Blended Polybutylenesuccinate and Sulphonated Expanded Polystyrene Waste.
Ogugbue, C. J., & Sawidis, T. (2011). Bioremediation and detoxification of synthetic wastewater containing triarylmethane dyes by Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from industrial effluent. Biotechnology research international, 2011.
Paula, H. C., Silva, R. B., Santos, C. M., Dantas, F. D., de Paula, R. C., de Lima, L. R., ... & Dias, F. G. (2020). Eco-friendly synthesis of an alkyl chitosan derivative. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 163, 1591-1598.
Ponnusami, V., Vikram, S., & Srivastava, S. N. (2008). Guava (Psidium guajava) leaf powder: novel adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. Journal of hazardous materials, 152(1), 276-286.
Russo, T., Fucile, P., Giacometti, R., & Sannino, F. (2021). Sustainable removal of contaminants by biopolymers: a novel approach for wastewater treatment. Current state and future perspectives. Processes, 9(4), 719.
Sadiq, A. C., Rahim, N. Y., & Suah, F. B. M. (2020). Adsorption and desorption of malachite green by using chitosan-deep eutectic solvents beads. International journal of biological macromolecules, 164, 3965-3973.
Slama, H. B., Chenari Bouket, A., Pourhassan, Z., Alenezi, F. N., Silini, A., Cherif-Silini, H., ... & Belbahri, L. (2021). Diversity of synthetic dyes from textile industries, discharge impacts, and treatment methods. Applied Sciences, 11(14), 6255.
Srivastava, A., Shukla, S., Jangid, N. K., Srivastava, M., & Vishwakarma, R. (2022). World of the Dye. In Research Anthology on Emerging Techniques in Environmental Remediation (pp. 493-507). IGI Global.
Thakre, D., Jagtap, S., Bansiwal, A., Labhsetwar, N., & Rayalu, S. (2010). Synthesis of La-incorporated chitosan beads for fluoride removal from water. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 131(3), 373-377.
Tirkistani, F. A. (1998). Thermal analysis of some chitosan Schiff bases. Polymer degradation and stability, 60(1), 67-70.
Treviño-Cordero, H., Juárez-Aguilar, L. G., Mendoza-Castillo, D. I., Hernández-Montoya, V., Bonilla-Petriciolet, A., & Montes-Morán, M. A. (2013). Synthesis and adsorption properties of activated carbons from biomass of Prunus domestica and Jacaranda mimosifolia for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from water. Industrial Crops and Products, 42, 315-323.
Yin, X., Chen, J., Yuan, W., Lin, Q., Ji, L., & Liu, F. (2012). Preparation and antibacterial activity of Schiff bases from O-carboxymethyl chitosan and para-substituted benzaldehydes. Polymer bulletin, 68, 1215-1226.
Yuvaraja, G., Pang, Y., Chen, D. Y., Kong, L. J., Mehmood, S., Subbaiah, M. V., ... & Reddy, G. M. (2019). Modification of chitosan macromolecule and its mechanism for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous environment. International journal of biological macromolecules, 136, 177-188.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
