Antirheumatic Drugs : Mechanisms, Therapeutic Efficacy, and Clinical Considerations in Rheumatoid Arthritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST2411427Keywords:
Antirheumatic drugs, DMARDs, Biologics, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Inflammation, Immunomodulators, NSAIDs, JAK inhibitors, TNF inhibitorsAbstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and damage to joints and other tissues. Antirheumatic drugs, including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic agents, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), play a crucial role in the treatment and management of RA. This review examines the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of these drugs. We also explore emerging therapies and future directions for RA management, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes while minimizing potential risks.
Downloads
References
Joaquim, AF, and Appenzeller, S. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. (2015) 14:1116–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2015.07.015
Deshmukh, R . Rheumatoid arthritis: pathophysiology, current therapeutic strategies and recent advances in targeted drug delivery system. Mater Today Commun. (2023) 35:105877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105877
Ebringer, A, Rashid, T, and Wilson, C. Rheumatoid arthritis, Proteus, anti-CCP antibodies and Karl popper. Autoimmun Rev. (2010) 9:216–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2009.10.006
Lundkvist, J, Kastäng, F, and Kobelt, G. The burden of rheumatoid arthritis and access to treatment: health burden and costs. Eur J Health Econ. (2008) 8:S49–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-007-0088-8
Galloway, J, Capron, JP, De Leonardis, F, Fakhouri, W, Rose, A, Kouris, I, et al. The impact of disease severity and duration on cost, early retirement and ability to work in rheumatoid arthritis in Europe: an economic modelling study. Rheumatol Adv Pract. (2020) 4:rkaa041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkaa041
Black, RJ, Cross, M, Haile, LM, Culbreth, GT, Steinmetz, JD, Hagins, H, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. (2023) 5:e594–610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4478194
Pombo-Suarez, M, Maneiro Fernandez, JR, and Gomez-Reino, JJ. Adherence to treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from Spain. Patient Prefer Adherence. (2021) 15:111–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S291983
Curtis, JR, and Singh, JA. Use of biologics in rheumatoid arthritis: current and emerging paradigms of care. Clin Ther. (2011) 33:679–707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.05.044
Fraenkel, L, Bathon, JM, England, BR, St Clair, EW, Arayssi, T, Carandang, K, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. (2021) 73:1108–23.
van den Bemt, BJ, van den Hoogen, FH, Benraad, B, Hekster, YA, van Riel, PL, and van Lankveld, W. Adherence rates and associations with nonadherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. J Rheumatol. (2009) 36:2164–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.081204
Doddapaneni, S, Shetty, R, Sabih, I, Maddali, K, and Khera, K. Assessment of medication adherence in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a tertiary care hospital. Value Health. (2014) 17:A774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.336
Quinlan, P, Price, KO, Magid, SK, Lyman, S, Mandl, LA, and Stone, PW. The relationship among health literacy, health knowledge, and adherence to treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. HSS J. (2013) 9:42–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-012-9308-6
Chowdhury, T, Dutta, J, Noel, P, Islam, R, Gonzalez-Peltier, G, Azad, S, et al. An overview on causes of no adherence in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: its effect on mortality and ways to improve adherence. Cureus. (2022) 14:e24520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.24520
Waimann, CA, Marengo, MF, de Achaval, S, Cox, VL, Garcia-Gonzalez, A, Reveille, JD, et al. Electronic monitoring of oral therapies in ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged patients with rheumatoid arthritis: consequences of low adherence. Arthritis Rheum. (2013) 65:1421–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.37917
Tolu, S, Rezvani, A, Karacan, İ, Bugdayci, D, Küçük, HC, Bucak, ÖF, et al. Self-reported medication adherence in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: the role of illness perception and medication beliefs. Arch Rheumatol. (2020) 35:495–505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46497/ArchRheumatol.2020.7732
Van den Bemt, BJ, Zwikker, HE, and van den Ende, CH. Medication adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a critical appraisal of the existing literature. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. (2012) 8:337–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1586/eci.12.23
Wolfe, F . The epidemiology of drug treatment failure in rheumatoid arthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. (1995) 9:619–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3579(05)80305-X
Treharne, G, Lyons, A, and Kitas, G. Medication adherence in rheumatoid arthritis: effects of psychosocial factors. Psychol Health Med. (2004) 9:337–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13548500410001721909
Kuipers, JG, Koller, M, Zeman, F, Müller, K, and Rüffer, JU. Adherence and health literacy as related to outcome of patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis: analyses of a large-scale observational study. Z Rheumatol. (2019) 78:74–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-018-0449-y
Prudente, LR, Diniz Jde, S, Ferreira, TX, Lima, DM, Silva, NA, Saraiva, G, et al. Medication adherence in patients in treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in a university hospital in Brazil. Patient Prefer Adherence. (2016) 10:863–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S79451
Harley, CR, Frytak, JR, and Tandon, N. Treatment compliance and dosage administration among rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving infliximab, etanercept, or methotrexate. Am J Manag Care. (2003) 9:S136–43.
Chu, LH, Kawatkar, AA, and Gabriel, SE. Medication adherence and attrition to biologic treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Ther. (2015) 37:660–666.e8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.10.022
Khilfeh, I, Guyette, E, Watkins, J, Danielson, D, Gross, D, and Yeung, K. Adherence, persistence, and expenditures for high-cost anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: an exploratory study. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. (2019) 25:461–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.4.461
Forsblad-d'Elia, H, Bengtsson, K, Kristensen, LE, and Jacobsson, LT. Drug adherence, response and predictors thereof for tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish biologics register. Rheumatology (Oxford). (2015) 54:1186–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keu455
Salaffi, F, Di Carlo, M, Farah, S, and Carotti, M. Adherence to subcutaneous anti-TNFα agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is largely influenced by pain and skin sensations at the injection site. Int J Rheum Dis. (2020) 23:480–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.13803
De Cuyper, E, De Gucht, V, Maes, S, Van Camp, Y, and De Clerck, LS. Determinants of methotrexate adherence in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol. (2016) 35:1335–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-016-3182-4
Oh, YJ, Park, B, and Moon, KW. Effect of drug adherence on treatment outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheum Dis. (2019) 26:264–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2019.26.4.264
Li, P, Blum, MA, Von Feldt, J, Hennessy, S, and Doshi, JA. Adherence, discontinuation, and switching of biologic therapies in medicaid enrollees with rheumatoid arthritis. Value Health. (2010) 13:805–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2010.00764.x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
