Advancements in IoT-Enabled Farm Machinery and Sustainable Water Management Practices

Authors

  • Samiran Das Department of Agricultural Engineering, Triguna Sen School of Technology, Assam University Silchar, India Author
  • Asaruddin Sheikh Department of Agricultural Engineering, Triguna Sen School of Technology, Assam University Silchar, India Author
  • Pritam Singh Balai Department of Agricultural Engineering, Triguna Sen School of Technology, Assam University Silchar, India Author
  • Babakrishna Kuli Department of Agricultural Engineering, Triguna Sen School of Technology, Assam University Silchar, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST25121207

Keywords:

IoT-Enabled Agriculture, Smart Farm Machinery, Precision Irrigation, Sustainable Water Management, Agri-Tech Innovations

Abstract

With internet of things (IoT) technologies modern agriculture has significantly enhanced its farming efficiency and sustainability. This review explores advancements in IoT-enabled farm machinery and their role in promoting sustainable water management practices. IoT-based solutions, such as smart irrigation systems, autonomous equipment, and livestock monitoring tools, enable precise resource allocation, reducing water waste by up to 50% compared to traditional methods. These technologies facilitate real-time data collection and analysis, allowing farmers to optimize irrigation schedules, monitor water quality, and implement rainwater harvesting systems effectively. Studies show that precision agriculture techniques can improve water use efficiency by 20-30%, while IoT-enabled water quality monitoring reduces crop losses due to contamination by 15-25%. Despite their potential, challenges such as high costs, technical expertise requirements, and connectivity issues hinder widespread adoption. Future prospects include the integration of artificial intelligence, development of low-cost solutions, and policy support to overcome these barriers. By addressing global water scarcity and improving agricultural productivity, IoT-enabled innovations are paving the way for a more sustainable and resilient farming sector, crucial for ensuring food security in the face of climate change and population growth.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Z. Ahmed, D. Gui, G. Murtaza, L. Yunfei, and S. Ali, “An Overview of Smart Irrigation Management for Improving Water Productivity under Climate Change in Drylands,” Agronomy, vol. 13, no. 8, Art. no. 8, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.3390/agronomy13082113.

M. Padhiary, “Membrane Technologies for Treating Wastewater in the Food Processing Industry: Practices and Challenges,” in Research Trends in Food Technology and Nutrition, vol. 27, AkiNik Publications, 2024, pp. 37–62. doi: 10.22271/ed.book.2817.

H. Lihua, “Real-time thermal imaging monitoring and IoT sensors application in heart rate monitoring during exercise training: Motion heat transfer mechanism,” Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 58, p. 103246, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103246.

B. Sahu, “Artificial Intelligence and Automation in Smart Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of Precision Farming, All-Terrain Vehicles, IoT Innovations, and Environmental Impact Mitigation,” Int. J. Sci. Res. IJSR, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 656–665, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.21275/SR241110184009.

M. Z. Martínez, L. H. M. D. Silveira, R. Marin-Perez, and A. F. S. Gomez, “Development and Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks and Gradient Boosting Regressors for Predicting Topsoil Moisture Using Forecast Data,” AI, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 41, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.3390/ai6020041.

A. Hoque and M. Padhiary, “Automation and AI in Precision Agriculture: Innovations for Enhanced Crop Management and Sustainability,” Asian J. Res. Comput. Sci., vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 95–109, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i10512.

A. Ashwini, S. R. Sriram, J. M. Prabhakar, and S. Kadry, “Farming 4.0: Cultivating the Future with Internet of Things Empowered on Smart Agriculture Solutions,” in Networked Sensing Systems, 1st ed., R. K. Dhanaraj, M. Sathyamoorthy, S. Balasubramaniam, and S. Kadry, Eds., Wiley, 2025, pp. 247–271. doi: 10.1002/9781394310890.ch10.

M. Padhiary, “Bridging the gap: Sustainable automation and energy efficiency in food processing,” Agric. Eng. Today, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 47–50, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2023473.1678.

A. Morchid et al., “IoT-enabled smart agriculture for improving water management: A smart irrigation control using embedded systems and Server-Sent Events,” Sci. Afr., vol. 27, p. e02527, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02527.

M. Padhiary and R. Kumar, “Enhancing Agriculture Through AI Vision and Machine Learning: The Evolution of Smart Farming,” in Advancements in Intelligent Process Automation, D. Thangam, Ed., IGI Global, 2024, pp. 295–324. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-5380-6.ch012.

A. F. Khalifeh, A. Alqammaz, A. M. Khasawneh, L. Abualigah, K. A. Darabkh, and Z. Zinonos, “An environmental remote sensing and prediction model for an IoT smart irrigation system based on an enhanced wind-driven optimization algorithm,” Comput. Electr. Eng., vol. 122, p. 109889, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109889.

N. C. Gaitan, B. I. Batinas, C. Ursu, and F. N. Crainiciuc, “Integrating Artificial Intelligence into an Automated Irrigation System,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 4, p. 1199, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.3390/s25041199.

H. M. Abdelhaleem, E. M. AbouElleef, and M. Gad, “Cost model of the water pipeline systems used in irrigation to transform into smart sustainable cities,” Sustain. Futur., vol. 9, p. 100489, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100489.

M. Padhiary, “The Convergence of Deep Learning, IoT, Sensors, and Farm Machinery in Agriculture:,” in Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, S. G. Thandekkattu and N. R. Vajjhala, Eds., IGI Global, 2024, pp. 109–142. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-5498-8.ch005.

K. Lochan, A. Khan, I. Elsayed, B. Suthar, L. Seneviratne, and I. Hussain, “Advancements in Precision Spraying of Agricultural Robots: A Comprehensive Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 129447–129483, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3450904.

B. Sahu, “The Integration of Automation, AI, and Sustainable Technologies in Civil Engineering,” Int. J. Sci. Res. IJSR, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1502–1510, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.21275/SR241223134455.

F. Sapino, C. D. Pérez-Blanco, C. Gutiérrez-Martín, A. García-Prats, and M. Pulido-Velazquez, “Influence of crop-water production functions on the expected performance of water pricing policies in irrigated agriculture,” Agric. Water Manag., vol. 259, p. 107248, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107248.

B. Spetzler, E. V. Golubeva, C. Müller, J. McCord, and F. Faupel, “Frequency Dependency of the Delta-E Effect and the Sensitivity of Delta-E Effect Magnetic Field Sensors,” Sensors, vol. 19, no. 21, p. 4769, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.3390/s19214769.

S. Mane, N. Das, G. Singh, M. Cosh, and Y. Dong, “Advancements in dielectric soil moisture sensor Calibration: A comprehensive review of methods and techniques,” Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 218, p. 108686, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2024.108686.

I. Charania and X. Li, “Smart farming: Agriculture’s shift from a labor intensive to technology native industry,” Internet Things, vol. 9, p. 100142, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2019.100142.

M. Padhiary, L. N. Sethi, and A. Kumar, “Enhancing Hill Farming Efficiency Using Unmanned Agricultural Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review,” Trans. Indian Natl. Acad. Eng., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 253–268, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s41403-024-00458-7.

S. Qazi, B. A. Khawaja, and Q. U. Farooq, “IoT-Equipped and AI-Enabled Next Generation Smart Agriculture: A Critical Review, Current Challenges and Future Trends,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 21219–21235, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3152544.

A. Abbas et al., “Drones in Plant Disease Assessment, Efficient Monitoring, and Detection: A Way Forward to Smart Agriculture,” Agronomy, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 1524, May 2023, doi: 10.3390/agronomy13061524.

W. Ma et al., “Standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine ratios affect performance and regulate intestinal mRNA expression of amino acid transporters in weaning pigs fed a low crude protein diet,” Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., vol. 275, p. 114857, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114857.

K. E. Ukhurebor et al., “Precision agriculture: Weather forecasting for future farming,” in AI, Edge and IoT-based Smart Agriculture, Elsevier, 2022, pp. 101–121. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823694-9.00008-6.

A. Faid, M. Sadik, and E. Sabir, “An Agile AI and IoT-Augmented Smart Farming: A Cost-Effective Cognitive Weather Station,” Agriculture, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 35, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.3390/agriculture12010035.

S. Zou, M. Qin, and Z. He, “Tackle reverse solute flux in forward osmosis towards sustainable water recovery: reduction and perspectives,” Water Res., vol. 149, pp. 362–374, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.015.

H. Etezadi and S. Eshkabilov, “A Comprehensive Overview of Control Algorithms, Sensors, Actuators, and Communication Tools of Autonomous All-Terrain Vehicles in Agriculture,” Agriculture, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 163, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.3390/agriculture14020163.

M. B. Roberts, N. Haghdadi, A. Bruce, and I. MacGill, “Characterisation of Australian apartment electricity demand and its implications for low-carbon cities,” Energy, vol. 180, pp. 242–257, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.222.

A. Hoque, A. S. Mazumder, S. Roy, P. Saikia, and K. Kumar, “Transformative Approaches to Agricultural Sustainability: Automation, Smart Greenhouses, and AI,” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1011–1023, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2025.66494.

A. K. Werrell, P. E. Klug, R. N. Lipcius, and J. P. Swaddle, “A Sonic Net reduces damage to sunflower by blackbirds (Icteridae): Implications for broad-scale agriculture and crop establishment,” Crop Prot., vol. 144, p. 105579, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105579.

S. Kumaran, S. K. D, S. A, and S. K. K, “Crop Pest Control using IoT Real-Time Monitoring and Intervention,” in 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Communication Networks and Application (ICSCNA), Theni, India: IEEE, Nov. 2023, pp. 1552–1557. doi: 10.1109/ICSCNA58489.2023.10370176.

Barnavo Das, Azmirul Hoque, Suranjit Roy, Kundan Kumar, Ahad Ahmed Laskar, and Ahmed Sadique Mazumder, “Post-Harvest Technologies and Automation: Al-Driven Innovations in Food Processing and Supply Chains,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Technol., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 183–205, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.32628/IJSRST25121170.

U. Agarwal, V. Rishiwal, Mohd. Shiblee, M. Yadav, and S. Tanwar, “Blockchain-based intelligent tracing of food grain crops from production to delivery,” Peer--Peer Netw. Appl., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 3722–3749, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s12083-024-01780-1.

S. Mishra and S. K. Sharma, “Advanced contribution of IoT in agricultural production for the development of smart livestock environments,” Internet Things, vol. 22, p. 100724, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2023.100724.

K. Džermeikaitė, D. Bačėninaitė, and R. Antanaitis, “Innovations in Cattle Farming: Application of Innovative Technologies and Sensors in the Diagnosis of Diseases,” Animals, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 780, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.3390/ani13050780.

W. Shafik, “IoT-Enabled Model and Waste Management Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture,” in IoT-Based Models for Sustainable Environmental Management, vol. 227, J. A. Parray, A. K. Haghi, and G. Meraj, Eds., in Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol. 227. , Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, pp. 137–163. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-74374-0_8.

A. A. Laskar, “Exploring the Role of Smart Systems in Farm Machinery for Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity,” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 2063–2075, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2024.66157.

Y. Azadi, J. Yaghoubi, H. Gholizadeh, S. Gholamrezai, and F. Rahimi-Feyzabad, “Social barriers to water scarcity adaptation: A grounded theory exploration in arid and semi-arid regions,” Agric. Water Manag., vol. 309, p. 109338, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109338.

M. S. Farooq, S. Riaz, A. Abid, T. Umer, and Y. B. Zikria, “Role of IoT Technology in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review,” Electronics, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 319, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9020319.

J. Debnath, K. Kumar, K. Roy, R. D. Choudhury, and A. K. P. U, “Precision Agriculture: A Review of AI Vision and Machine Learning in Soil, Water, and Conservation Practice,” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 2130–2141, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2024.66166.

S. Hussain et al., “The Importance of Variable Rate Irrigation in Lowering Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Agriculture Sector: A Review,” in The 1st International Precision Agriculture Pakistan Conference 2022 (PAPC 2022)—Change the Culture of Agriculture, MDPI, Jan. 2023, p. 35. doi: 10.3390/environsciproc2022023035.

Meeradevi, M. A. Supreetha, M. R. Mundada, and J. N. Pooja, “Design of a Smart Water-Saving Irrigation System for Agriculture Based on a Wireless Sensor Network for Better Crop Yield,” in ICCCE 2018, vol. 500, A. Kumar and S. Mozar, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 500. , Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019, pp. 93–104. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0212-1_11.

H. Shahab, M. Naeem, M. Iqbal, M. Aqeel, and S. S. Ullah, “IoT-driven smart agricultural technology for real-time soil and crop optimization,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 10, p. 100847, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2025.100847.

M. Padhiary, A. K. Kyndiah, R. Kumar, and D. Saha, “Exploration of electrode materials for in-situ soil fertilizer concentration measurement by electrochemical method,” Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 539–544, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i4g.1011.

A. L. Srivastav, R. Dhyani, M. Ranjan, S. Madhav, and M. Sillanpää, “Climate-resilient strategies for sustainable management of water resources and agriculture,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 28, no. 31, pp. 41576–41595, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14332-4.

A. Morchid, I. G. Muhammad Alblushi, H. M. Khalid, R. El Alami, S. R. Sitaramanan, and S. M. Muyeen, “High-technology agriculture system to enhance food security: A concept of smart irrigation system using Internet of Things and cloud computing,” J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., p. S1658077X24000110, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jssas.2024.02.001.

G. Ssekyanzi, M. J. Ahmad, and K.-S. Choi, “Sustainable Solutions for Mitigating Water Scarcity in Developing Countries: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Rainwater Storage Systems,” Water, vol. 16, no. 17, p. 2394, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.3390/w16172394.

D. Bhavsar, B. Limbasia, Y. Mori, M. Imtiyazali Aglodiya, and M. Shah, “A comprehensive and systematic study in smart drip and sprinkler irrigation systems,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 5, p. 100303, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2023.100303.

M. Mallareddy et al., “Maximizing Water Use Efficiency in Rice Farming: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Irrigation Management Technologies,” Water, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 1802, May 2023, doi: 10.3390/w15101802.

L. H. Medida and G. L. N. V. S. Kumar, “Harnessing Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Sustainable Water Management and Irrigation:,” in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Sustainability, M. Syafrudin, N. L. Fitriyani, and M. Anshari, Eds., IGI Global, 2025, pp. 323–346. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-6829-9.ch011.

D. Kapil, A. S. Ghai, N. Mehra, and A. Gupta, “Green Internet of Things Advancing Sustainable Technology With Smart Agriculture in India:,” in Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, D. J. Bora and R. K. Bania, Eds., IGI Global, 2025, pp. 291–320. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-8019-2.ch010.

D. Kumar, K. Kumar, P. Roy, and G. Rabha, “Renewable Energy in Agriculture: Enhancing Aquaculture and Post-Harvest Technologies with Solar and AI Integration,” Asian J. Res. Comput. Sci., vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 201–219, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i12539.

K. S. L. Kazi, “Transformation of Agriculture Effectuated by Artificial Intelligence-Driven Internet of Things (AIIoT):,” in Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, J. Garwi, M. Dzingirai, and R. Masengu, Eds., IGI Global, 2024, pp. 449–484. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-6468-0.ch015.

M. Padhiary and R. Kumar, “Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Agriculture, Industrial Operations, and Mining on Agro-Ecosystems,” in Smart Internet of Things for Environment and Healthcare, M. Azrour, J. Mabrouki, A. Alabdulatif, A. Guezzaz, and F. Amounas, Eds., Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, pp. 107–126. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-70102-3_8.

E. V. Madhuri et al., “Transforming Pest Management with Artificial Intelligence Technologies: The Future of Crop Protection,” J. Crop Health, vol. 77, no. 2, p. 48, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10343-025-01109-9.

M. Padhiary, K. Kumar, N. Hussain, D. Roy, J. A. Barbhuiya, and P. Roy, “Artificial Intelligence in Farm Management: Integrating Smart Systems for Optimal Agricultural Practices,” Int. J. Smart Agric., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.54536/ijsa.v3i1.3674.

D. Sharma and G. S. Tomar, “Soil Nutrient Analysis and Automatic Monitoring in Precision Agriculture,” Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 145–166, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1080/00103624.2024.2406478.

D. Saha, M. Padhiary, J. A. Barbhuiya, T. Chakrabarty, and L. N. Sethi, “Development of an IOT based Solenoid Controlled Pressure Regulation System for Precision Sprayer,” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 2210–2216, 2023, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2023.55103.

M. Padhiary, S. V. Tikute, D. Saha, J. A. Barbhuiya, and L. N. Sethi, “Development of an IOT-Based Semi-Autonomous Vehicle Sprayer,” Agric. Res., vol. 13, no. 3, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s40003-024-00760-4.

F. Assimakopoulos, C. Vassilakis, D. Margaris, K. Kotis, and D. Spiliotopoulos, “Artificial Intelligence Tools for the Agriculture Value Chain: Status and Prospects,” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 22, p. 4362, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.3390/electronics13224362.

M. Padhiary, R. Kumar, and L. N. Sethi, “Navigating the Future of Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of Automatic All-Terrain Vehicles in Precision Farming,” J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A, vol. 105, pp. 767–782, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s40030-024-00816-2.

M. S. Farooq, S. Riaz, A. Abid, K. Abid, and M. A. Naeem, “A Survey on the Role of IoT in Agriculture for the Implementation of Smart Farming,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 156237–156271, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949703.

M. Padhiary, P. Roy, P. Dey, and B. Sahu, “Harnessing AI for Automated Decision-Making in Farm Machinery and Operations: Optimizing Agriculture,” in Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, S. Hai-Jew, Ed., IGI Global, 2024, pp. 249–282. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-6230-3.ch008.

M. A. Imran et al., “Exploring the Boundaries of Connected Systems: Communications for Hard-to-Reach Areas and Extreme Conditions,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 112, no. 7, pp. 912–945, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2024.3402265.

M. Padhiary, A. Hoque, G. Prasad, K. Kumar, and B. Sahu, “Precision Agriculture and AI-Driven Resource Optimization for Sustainable Land and Resource Management:,” in Smart Water Technology for Sustainable Management in Modern Cities, J. A. Ruiz-Vanoye and O. Díaz-Parra, Eds., IGI Global, 2025, pp. 197–232. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-8074-1.ch009.

M. Padhiary, N. Rani, D. Saha, J. A. Barbhuiya, and L. N. Sethi, “Efficient Precision Agriculture with Python-based Raspberry Pi Image Processing for Real-Time Plant Target Identification,” Int. J. Res. Anal. Rev., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 539–545, 2023, doi: http://doi.one/10.1729/Journal.35531.

R. Dhillon and Q. Moncur, “Small-Scale Farming: A Review of Challenges and Potential Opportunities Offered by Technological Advancements,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 21, p. 15478, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.3390/su152115478.

V. Kumar, K. V. Sharma, N. Kedam, A. Patel, T. R. Kate, and U. Rathnayake, “A comprehensive review on smart and sustainable agriculture using IoT technologies,” Smart Agric. Technol., vol. 8, p. 100487, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.atech.2024.100487.

M. A. Nwanojuo, C. K. Anumudu, and H. Onyeaka, “Impact of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) in Nigeria, a Review of the Future of Farming in Africa,” Agriculture, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 117, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.3390/agriculture15020117.

Y. C. Mihret, M. M. Takele, and S. M. Mintesinot, “Advancements in Agriculture 4.0 and the Needs for Introduction and Adoption in Ethiopia: A Review,” Adv. Agric., vol. 2025, no. 1, p. 8828400, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1155/aia/8828400.

M. R. B. Júnior et al., “Precision agriculture in the United States: A comprehensive meta-review inspiring further research, innovation, and adoption,” Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 221, p. 108993, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2024.108993.

J. Xu, B. Gu, and G. Tian, “Review of agricultural IoT technology,” Artif. Intell. Agric., vol. 6, pp. 10–22, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.aiia.2022.01.001.

V. S. Yadav, A. R. Singh, R. D. Raut, S. K. Mangla, S. Luthra, and A. Kumar, “Exploring the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in the agricultural food supply chain: A systematic literature review,” Comput. Ind. Eng., vol. 169, p. 108304, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2022.108304.

Y. E. L. Doukas, N. Maravegias, and C. Chrysomallidis, “Digitalization in the EU Agricultural Sector: Seeking a European Policy Response,” in Food Policy Modelling, K. Mattas, G. Baourakis, C. Zopounidis, and C. Staboulis, Eds., in Cooperative Management. , Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 83–98. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-08317-4_6.

R. Manimozhi and G. Krishnamoorthy, “Innovative Techniques in Agriculture: Transitioning From Traditional Farming to Precision and Hydroponic Agriculture,” Environ. Qual. Manag., vol. 34, no. 3, p. e70047, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1002/tqem.70047.

M. Padhiary, “Status of Farm Automation, Advances, Trends, and Scope in India,” Int. J. Sci. Res. IJSR, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 737–745, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.21275/SR24713184513.

M. Mohammed, H. Hamdoun, and A. Sagheer, “Toward Sustainable Farming: Implementing Artificial Intelligence to Predict Optimum Water and Energy Requirements for Sensor-Based Micro Irrigation Systems Powered by Solar PV,” Agronomy, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 1081, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.3390/agronomy13041081.

M. Padhiary, “Harmony under the Sun: Integrating Aquaponics with Solar-Powered Fish Farming,” in Introduction to Renewable Energy Storage and Conversion for Sustainable Development, vol. 1, AkiNik Publications, 2024, pp. 31–58. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.2882

M. N. Reza et al., “Trends of Soil and Solution Nutrient Sensing for Open Field and Hydroponic Cultivation in Facilitated Smart Agriculture,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 453, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.3390/s25020453.

M. Padhiary and P. Roy, “Advancements in Precision Agriculture: Exploring the Role of 3D Printing in Designing All-Terrain Vehicles for Farming Applications,” Int. J. Sci. Res., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 861–868, 2024, doi: 10.21275/SR24511105508.

H. Kazmi, Í. Munné-Collado, F. Mehmood, T. A. Syed, and J. Driesen, “Towards data-driven energy communities: A review of open-source datasets, models and tools,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 148, p. 111290, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111290.

M. Padhiary, P. Roy, and D. Roy, “The Future of Urban Connectivity: AI and IoT in Smart Cities,” in Sustainable Smart Cities and the Future of Urban Development, S. N. S. Al-Humairi, A. I. Hajamydeen, and A. Mahfoudh, Eds., IGI Global, 2024, pp. 33–66. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-6740-7.ch002.

H. Allioui and Y. Mourdi, “Exploring the Full Potentials of IoT for Better Financial Growth and Stability: A Comprehensive Survey,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 19, p. 8015, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23198015.

Ö. Şimşek, “Harvesting sustainability: Innovations and practices in modern agriculture,” Green Technol. Sustain., p. 100192, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.grets.2025.100192.

Downloads

Published

13-03-2025

Issue

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

Advancements in IoT-Enabled Farm Machinery and Sustainable Water Management Practices. (2025). International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 12(2), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST25121207

Similar Articles

1-10 of 275

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.