Empowering the Future : The Vision of Smart Transmission Grids
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST2411331Keywords:
Cutting-Edge Technologies, Smart Transmission Grids, Control CentersAbstract
In the quest for an adaptable, dependable, and sustainable energy supply, the modern power grid necessitates a transformative upgrade towards intelligence. While substantial efforts have been devoted to envisioning and advancing smart power grids in the United States and Europe, the focus has predominantly centered on the distribution grid and demand-side management, leaving the holistic perspective of the transmission grid within the context of smart grids somewhat obscured. This paper proposes a distinct vision for the future of smart transmission grids, delineating their pivotal attributes. In this envisioned framework, each smart transmission grid emerges as a cohesive, integrated system comprising three interrelated smart components: smart control centers, smart transmission networks, and smart substations. The paper meticulously outlines the characteristics and functionalities of each of these three essential components, elucidating the enabling technologies necessary to realize their envisioned capabilities. By conceptualizing smart transmission grids as multifaceted systems driven by intelligent components, this vision underscores the potential for enhancing grid efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Through the seamless integration of advanced control centers, transmission networks, and substations empowered by cutting-edge technologies, smart transmission grids aim to optimize grid operations, facilitate dynamic energy management, and foster resilience against emerging challenges and disruptions.
Downloads
References
Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution, U.S. Dept. Energy, “Grid 2030: A national version for electricity’s second 100 years,” Jul. 2003.
B. Kuri and F. Li, “Valuing emissions from electricity towards a low carbon economy,” in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet. 2005, pp. 53–59.
M. Hoffman and T. U. Daim, “Building energy efficiency technology roadmaps: A case of Bonneville Power Administration (BPA),” in Proc. Technol. Manag. Global Future, Jul. 8–13, 2006, vol. 3, pp. 1503–1527.
A. Chuang and M. McGranaghan, “Functions of a local controller to coordinate distributed resources in a smart grid,” in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet. 2008, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2008.4596887
E. Lambert, J. Fremont, and C. Bouquet, “Method and applications of IEC common information model standard for distribution operations: A path towards smart grids development,” in Proc. IET-CIRED Seminar SmartGrids Distrib., Jun. 23–24, 2008, pp. 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080422
R. L. King, “Information services for smart grids,” in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet. 2008, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2008.4596956
F. Lobo, A. Cabello, A. Lopez, D. Mora, and R. Mora, “Distribu- tion network as communication system,” in Proc. IET-CIRED Seminar SmartGrids Distrib., Jun. 23–24, 2008, pp. 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080448
EPRI Intelligrid [Online]. Available: http://intelligrid.epri.com/
M. McGranaghan, D. Von Dollen, P. Myrda, and E. Gunther, “Utility experience with developing a smart grid roadmap,” in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet. 2008, pp. 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2008.4596927
European SmartGrids Technology Platform, European Commis- sion, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/research/en- ergy/pdf/smartgrids_en.pdf
Towards smart power networks, European Commission, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/to- wards_smartpower_en.pdf
T. F. Garrity, “Getting Smart,” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 38–45, Mar.–Apr. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MPE.2007.915181
S. M. Amin and B. F. Wollenberg, “Toward a smart grid: Power de- livery for the 21st century,” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 34–41, Sep.–Oct. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MPAE.2005.1507024
J. R. Roncero, “Integration is key to Smart Grid management,” in Proc. IET-CIRED Seminar SmartGrids for Distrib., Jun. 23–24, 2008, pp. 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080430
L. H. Tsoukalas and R. Gao, “From smart grids to an energy internet: Assumptions, architectures and requirements,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Electr. Utility Deregulation Restructuring Power Technol., Apr. 6–9, 2008, pp. 94–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2008.4523385
D. G. Hart, “Using AMI to realize the Smart Grid,” in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet. 2008, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2008.4596961
G. B. Sheble, “Smart Grid Millionaire,” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 22–28, Jan.–Feb. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MPAE.2008.4412936
M. G. Lauby and W. P. Malcolm, “North American industry trends sup- porting intelligent grids,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Intell. Syst. Appl. Power Syst., Nov. 5–8, 2007, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441613
C. Walton, T. Green, and T. Woods, “Supergen FutureNet and FlexNet,” in Proc. IET-CIRED Seminar SmartGrids Distrib., Jun. 23–24, 2008, pp. 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080432
R. Krebs, B. M. Buchholz, Z. A. Styczynski, K. Rudion, C. Heyde, and
Y. Sassnick, “Vision 2020—Security of the network operation today and in the future. German experiences,” in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet. 2008, pp. 1–6.
G. M. Huang and L. Zhao, “Measurement based voltage stability mon- itoring of power system,” Power Syst. Eng. Res. Ctr., 2001 [Online]. Available: http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/documents/publications/papers/ 2001_general_publications/indicator.pdf
J. H. Chow, A. Chakrabortty, M. Arcak, B. Bhargava, and A. Salazar, “Synchronized phasor data based energy function analysis of dominant power transfer paths in large power systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 727–734, May 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2007.895162
M. Begovic, D. Novosel, D. Karlsson, C. Henville, and G. Michel, “Wide-area protection and emergency control,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 93, no. 5, pp. 876–891, May 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2005.847258
P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1994.
A. J. Wood and B. E. Wollenberg, Power Generation, Operation and Control, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)88715-7
S. H. Horowitz and A. G. Phadke, Power System Relaying, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1995.
F. Li, Z. Chen, L. Fan, and P. Zhang, “Toward a self-healing protec- tion and control system,” presented at the North Amer. Power Symp. (NAPS) 2008, Calgary, AB, Canada. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2008.5307303
G. T. Heydt, C. C. Liu, A. G. Phadke, and V. Vittal, “Solutions for the crisis in electric power supply,” IEEE Comput. Appl. Power, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 22–30, Jul. 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MCAP.2001.952933
F. F. Wu, K. Moslehi, and A. Bose, “Power system control centers: Past, present, and future,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 93, no. 11, pp. 1890–1908, Nov. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2005.857499
D. Divan and H. Johal, “Distributed FACTS—A new concept for real- izing grid power flow control,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 2253–2260, Nov. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2007.909252
H. Johal and D. Divan, “Design considerations for series-connected distributed FACTS converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1609–1618, Nov./Dec. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2007.908174
D. Divan and J. Sastry, “Inverter-less STATCOMs,” in Proc. 39th IEEE Power Electron. Specialists Conf., Rhodes, Greece, Jun. 15–19, 2008, pp. 1372–1377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.2008.4592126
D. Divan and J. Sastry, “Controllable network transformers,” in Proc. 39th IEEE Power Electron. Specialists Conf., Rhodes, Greece, Jun. 15–19, 2008, pp. 2340–2345.
R. K. Smith, P. G. Slade, M. Sarkosi, E. J. Stacey, J. J. Bonk, and H. Behta, “Solid state distribution current limiter and circuit breaker: Ap- plication requirements and control strategies,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1155–1164, Jul. 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/61.252640
E. R. Ronan, S. D. Sudhoff, S. F. Glover, and D. L. Galloway, “A power electronic-based distribution transformer,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 537–543, Apr. 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/61.997934
B. Kovacevic, “Solid state circuit breakers,” Micrel Inc., Appl. Note 5, 1997 [Online]. Available: http://www.micrel.com/_PDF/App-Notes/an-5.pdf
S. M. Amin and B. F. Wollenberg, “Toward a smart grid: Power de- livery for the 21st century,” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 34–41, Sep./Oct. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MPAE.2005.1507024
Y. Yang, F. Lambert, and D. Divan, “A survey on technologies for implementing sensor networks for power delivery systems,” in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet. 2007, Tampa, FL, pp. 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.386289
Y. Yang, D. Divan, R. G. Harley, and T. G. Habetler, “Power line sen- sornet—A new concept for power grid monitoring,” in Proc. IEEE PES Gen. Meet. 2006, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2006.1709566
Transmission Technology Road Map, Technology Innovation Office, Bonneville Power Admin., Sep. 2006.
G. Lu, J. Liu, and C. Zhang, “The technology development of substa- tion digitization,” (in Chinese) Power Syst. Technol., vol. 30, Suppl., pp. 499–504, Oct. 2006.
H.-M. Kim, J.-J. Lee, and D.-J. Kang, “A platform for smart substa- tions,” in Proc. Future Gener. Commun. Netw. Conf., Dec. 6–8, 2007, vol. 1, pp. 579–582.
T. S. Sidhu and P. K. Gangadharan, “Control and automation of power system substation using IEC61850 communication,” in Proc. 2005 IEEE Conf. Control Appl., Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 1331–1336.
C. H. Hauser, D. E. Bakken, I. Dionysiou, K. H. Gjermundrød, V. S. Irava, J. Helkey, and A. Bose, “Security, trust, and QoS in next-gener- ation control and communication for large power systems,” Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct., vol. 4, no. 1/2, pp. 3–16, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCIS.2008.016088
K. Vu, M. M. Begovic, D. Novosel, and M. M. Saha, “Use of local mea- surements to estimate voltage-stability margin,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1029–1035, Aug. 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/59.780916
B. Milosevic and M. Begovic, “Voltage-stability protection and control using a wide-area network of phasor measurements,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 121–127, Feb. 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2002.805018
J. A. Kumar, S. S. Venkata, and M. J. Damborg, “Adaptive transmission protection: Concepts and computational issues,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 177–185, Jan. 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/61.19203
P. M. Anderson and B. K. LeReverend, “Industry experience with spe- cial protection schemes,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1166–1179, Aug. 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/59.535588
P. A. Crossley and P. G. Mclaren, “Distance protection based on trav- elling waves,” IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-102, no. 9, pp. 2971–2983, Sep. 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1983.318102
R. Cosse, Jr., J. E. Bowen, H. T. Combs, D. G. Dunn, M. A. Hildreth, and A. Pilcher, “Smart industrial substations,” IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 12–20, Mar.–Apr. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MIA.2005.1405822
Y. Han and Y. H. Song, “Condition monitoring techniques for electrical equipment-a literature survey,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 4–13, Jan. 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2002.801425
D. J. Lawrence, L. Z. Cabeza, and L. T. Hochberg, “Development of an advanced transmission line fault location system II: Algorithm de- velopment and simulation,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1972–1983, Oct. 1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/61.157001
A. P. Meliopoulos, G. J. Cokkinides, F. Galvan, and B. Fardanesh, “Distributed state estimator—Advances and demonstration,” in Proc. 41st Hawaii Int. Conf. Syst. Sci., Waikoloa, HI, Jan. 7–10, 2008, p. 163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.127
Z. Zhong, C. Xu, and Y. Liu et al., “Power system frequency moni- toring network (FNET) implementation,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 1914–1921, Nov. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2005.857386
T. Yang, H. Sun, and A. Bose, “Two-level PMU-based linear state esti- mator,” in Proc. IEEE PES Power Syst. Conf. Expo., Seattle, WA, Mar. 16–18, 2009, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840218
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
