Supervisory Control for Efficient Energy Management in VSC Converter-Based MVDC Microgrids with Renewable Integration
Keywords:
Supervisory Control System (SCS), Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) Microgrid, Voltage Source Converter (VSC), Renewable Energy Integration, Energy Storage System (ESS)Abstract
This paper presents a novel Supervisory Control System (SCS) for a grid-connected medium-voltage DC (MVDC) microgrid that integrates renewable energy sources, battery storage, green hydrogen systems, and electric vehicle (EV) fast charging. The proposed SCS ensures power balance and enhances economic benefits by optimizing energy distribution and enabling surplus power sales to the grid. The microgrid consists of photovoltaic (PV) generation, battery storage, a green hydrogen system (including fuel cells, an electrolyzer, and a hydrogen tank), and a grid connection. Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) are utilized to adapt component output voltages to the MVDC link, minimizing the need for additional power converters. The key innovations include the MVDC configuration and the SCS framework, which efficiently manage power flow while reducing conversion losses. The system's performance is validated through simulations and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving operational efficiency and economic viability.
Downloads
References
European Commission, “CO2 emission performance standards for cars and vans (2020 onwards),” Accessed: Nov. 1, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/regulation_en
P. Vithayasrichareon, G. Mills, and I. F. MacGill, “Impact of electric vehicles and solar PV on future generation portfolio investment,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 899–908, Jul. 2015.
J. P. Torreglosa, P. García-Triviño, L. M. Fernández-Ramirez, and F. Jurado, “Decentralized energy management strategy based on predictive controllers for a medium voltage direct current photovoltaic electric vehicle charging station,” Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 108, pp. 1–13, Jan. 2016.
P. García-Triviño, J. P. Torreglosa, L. M. Fernández-Ramírez, and F. Jurado, “Control and operation of power sources in a medium-voltage direct-current microgrid for an electric vehicle fast charging station with a photovoltaic and a battery energy storage system,” Energy, vol. 115, pp. 38–48, Nov. 2016.
M. O. Badawy and Y. Sozer, “Power flow management of a grid tied PV-battery system for electric vehicles charging,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 1347–1357, Mar./Apr. 2017.
P. García-Triviño, J. P. Torreglosa, F. Jurado, and L. M. F. Ramírez, “Optimised operation of power sources of a PV/battery/hydrogen-powered hybrid charging station for electric and fuel cell vehicles,” IET Renewable Power Gener., vol. 13, no. 16, pp. 3022–3032, Nov. 2019.
S. Wang et al., “A semi-decentralized control strategy of a PV-based microgrid with battery energy storage systems for electric vehicle charging and hydrogen production,” in Proc. IEEE 4th Int. Elect. Energy Conf., 2021, pp. 1–6.
L. Wang, Z. Qin, T. Slangen, P. Bauer, and T. van Wijk, “Grid impact of electric vehicle fast charging stations: Trends, standards, issues an d mitigation measures-an overview,” IEEE Open J. Power Electron., vol. 2, pp. 56–74, 2021.
M. A. H. Rafi and J. Bauman, “A comprehensive review of DC fastcharging tations with energy storage: Architectures, power converters, and analysis,” IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 345–368, Jun. 2021.
E. Afshari et al., “Control strategy for three-phase grid-connected PV inverters enabling current limitation under unbalanced faults,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 8908–8918, Nov. 2017.
A. Verma, B. Singh, A. Chandra, and K. Al-Haddad, “An implementation of solar PV array based multifunctional EV charger,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 4166–4178, Jul./Aug. 2020.
H. Hasabelrasul, Z. Cai, L. Sun, X. Suo, and I. Matraji, “Two-stage converter standalone PV-battery system based on VSG control,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 39825–39832, 2022.
Y. Liu, H. Abu-Rub, B. Ge, F. Blaabjerg, O. Ellabban, and P. C. Loh, Impedance Source Power Electronic Converters. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2016.
A. Chub, D. Vinnikov, R. Kosenko, E. Liivik, and I. Galkin, “Bidirectional DC–DC converter for modular residential battery energy storage systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 1944–1955, Mar. 2020.
M. Ortega, M. V. Ortega, F. Jurado, J. Carpio, and D. Vera, “Bidirectional DC–DC converter with high gain based on impedance source,” IET Power Electron., vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 2069–2078, Mar. 2019.
L. de Oliveira-Assis et al., “Simplified model of battery energy-stored quasi-Z-source inverter-based photovoltaic power plant with Twofold energy management system,” Energy, vol. 244, Apr. 2022, Art. no. 122563.
Y. Zhang, P. You, and L. Cai, “Optimal charging scheduling by pricing for EV charging station with dual charging modes,” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 3386–3396, Sep. 2019.
Y. Kim, J. Kwak, and S. Chong, “Dynamic pricing, scheduling, and energy management for profit maximization in PHEV charging stations,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 1011–1026, Feb. 2017.
C. Dou, D. Yue, X. Li, and Y. Xue, “MAS-based management and control strategies for integrated hybrid energy system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1332–1349, Aug. 2016.
O. Elma, “A dynamic charging strategy with hybrid fast charging station for electric vehicles,” Energy, vol. 202, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 117680.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
